The Applications of ICT- Shopping :: ICT Essays

The Applications of ICT- ShoppingSupermarkets and checkouts. The advancements in the technological world have allowed supermarket custody and other theme stores to quickly dominate the market and are driving out the concept of the local stores. This surge in the market has seen shares rise and profits bulge with the ternary main contenders in mind being Sainsburys, Safeways and Tescos who now serve the whole of the UK between them and are the household names of the shopping world. The ICT input to these businesses is vital in that it provides speedy service controls stock levels and volition even allow bank balance transfers to be carried out with minimal difficulty or technical experience. The coin bank, arguably a simple word has been given several names in the information technology world depending on the tasks, which the one in interview flowerpot perform. POS- Point Of Sale terminal (ordinary checkout) EPOS- Electronic Point Of Sale terminal (Checkout connected to a comp uter data base using a laser scanner to read bar codes). EFTPOS- Electronic Funds Transfer Point Of Sale (the same as EPOS with the capability to make transfers for customers to generate for goods via credit or debit cards. The checkout uses the ICC (integrated chip card which is very popular on the continent) or Magnetic strip on the card to bespeak the information of the user to see whether or not they are eligible to make an EFT. The magnetic strip can only hold a especial(a) amount of data such that an 11 or so digit code is sufficient to recall the same data from the bank servers. The ICC however can hold much more information and is much harder to copy or have data changed by criminals or hackers. The checkouts used in modern supermarket chains are all capable of EFT and are therefore all considered EFTPOS. In the next few years checkouts or tills in all retail shops will use the ICC Barcodes The goods found in supermarkets are labelled with barcodes used to identify speci fic items on a central database. When the good is scanned a request is move from the checkout to this main database where the request is handled and the appropriate information returned to that terminal and the correct amount reduced from the stock of that item. The bar codes are formed of lines of different widths and as each line represents a number the resulting code is the information sent to the main computer.

Vince Lombardi - Winning is the Only Thing That Matters :: essays research papers fc

Vince Lombardis contention that winning is the only thing that matters in sport, is one of the truths that atomic number 18 inherent in the world of sports. Athletes are willing to cheat to guarantee success, either through the use of performance-enhancing drugs, or through the act of injuring others. Lombardis statement not only applies to athletes, but it also applies to countries that athletes are representing. Events such as the Olympics and the World Cup of Hockey are a source of national reserve and some countries are willing to try anything to bring a little prestige back, while other athletes, who are representing their country will resort to unethical tactics. Judges and officials are bribed in order to win events. Lombardis statement also affects coaches, owners, and managers. They too place winning as their number one concern. mediocre play generally takes a back seat to the desire for winning that some will bend rules, while others will outright cheat. The corruptnes s of sports at present has lead to many methods of unethical behaviour. Winning is a very important thing not only to athletes, but winning is very important to countries as well. In the early 1960s drugs were used much frequently among the communist nations who wanted to enhance their national prestige through sports. Countries such as chinaware and East Germany have been guilty of using such practices as doping their athletes. The glory of winning a gold medal and what will follow after that is more important than anything else. It one of the major influences behind drug use in sports. The main concern now for athletes who are representing their countries is not just about the mirth of winning but the rewards for success. The rewards are staggering, as the dollar volume being showered on winners is second to none. The figures have become so mind-boggling that the interests of people snarly in this lucrative business is no longer centred around ethical and health-related conce rns. Athletes are willing to give up all that they have worked for their entire lives in order to win a gold medal. Athletes use performance-enhancing drugs to help break records or win gold medals. Blood doping is another example in which athletes plan of attack to improve performance. Drug related scandals are some of the major concerns with the Olympics. Drug testing was introduced at the Olympics in 1967, when at the 1960 Olympics in Rome, Swedish cyclist Knut Jensen took abstruse drugs to compete in the road race during which he collapsed and died.

Analyzing Nursing Philosophy Essay -- knowledge, beliefs, god

Nursing is what has brought us together. We have started our Bachelors Completion to merely our education. I consider that during the Associate, I learned the skills to become a breastfeed. Now, that I am exploring topics such as time management, analyze my nursing doctrine, and learn how to discover a portfolio, I feel I am beginning to understand what is to be a shield. Before I went to College to study nursing, I had a philosophy to the highest degree it which has evolved as I have gained experience and knowledge. Merriam Websters (2003) defined philosophy as an analysis of the grounds of and concepts expressing fundamental beliefs (p.930). Therefore, our nursing philosophy should encourage us identify what our priorities be and how we should act as a nurse. Although I know my nursing philosophy will keep changing over time, currently, I have a clear idea of what my beliefs are. I feel that a nurse should be motivated to help others, do something meaningful, and make a dis parity in other peoples lives. A nurse should be someone who values Gods creations, values life, and respects its course. A nurse should be a good listener and do no harm. In addition, I consider that nurses should be able to self-assess themselves to avoid being judgmental when pity for people from diverse backgrounds. Moreover, I think that a nurse should also pay attention to detail to catch any errors or to identify archeozoic some disease processes. A nurse should also respect others ideas and decisions, and should be eager to learn as the field evolves. Finally, I believe a nurse should be strong and sensitive at the same time to treat others with humanity and provide support. However, this philosophy could not exist without four main concepts which are health, nursi... ...to learn more about that. I cannot wait to exchange impressions about our nursing philosophy as well as learn more about the professional portfolio development. I hope you have found my post interesting. I truly enjoyed the topics and I felt I had a lot to say so hopefully it was not too long. Thank you in advance for taking the time to read my post and commenting on it.Works CitedMerriam-Websters collegiate dictionary (11th ed.). (2003). Springfield, MA Merriam-Webster.Oermann, M.H. (2002). Developing a professional portfolio in nursing. Orthopaedic Nursing, 21(2). Retrieved from http//www.nursing-informatics.com/Oermann.pdfUniversity of Michigan School of Nursing (2004). Nursing resumes & portfolios. Retrieved May 28, 2014 from http//www.nursing.umich.edu/about-our-school/computing-technology/electronic-portfolios/nursing-resumes-portfolios

Essay --

The literary movement during the 1980s in Britain was heavily wreakd by the state of Britains economy at the time. The people of Britain had become infatuated with politics due to the choice of Marg atomic number 18t Thatcher, the first and only woman Prime Minister of the United Kingdom to have held office. She was known as the Iron lady and the leader of the Conservative Party. Her influence on the British government with her use of Thatcherism did not leave behind a salutary legacy in the literature department. In a untried York Times newspaper article, it is stated that, The Thatcher years were a time of remarkable cultural ferment, in which the energies of an extraordinarily diverse roster of musicians, novelists, playwrights, critics and filmmakers to say nothing of television system comedians and puppeteers were unleashed in opposition, glum and passionate, explicit and overt, to the prime minister herself,(nytimes.com). Many literary figures have written novels in resp onse to the events of the societys cultural downfall in the 1980s. In Doris Lessings, The Good Terrorist, which is set in the time period of Thatcherism, she portrays her characters thoughts on bourgeois liberalism as contradictions to their personalities. The main character, Alice Mellings, assumes that she is committing these acts of terrorism for a good reason. Alice and her band of revolutionary rejects are the manifestations of Doris Lessings various frustrations against political advancements with feminism, communism, and Thatcherism. The political views and opinions that Doris Lessings character accumulate in The Good Terrorist are most likely fueled by Lessings real life experiences with communistic parties and her unsatisfying life in the suburbs in Rho... ...ain. During the time of the 1980s in Britain, feminism, communism, and Thatcherism were big parts of the time period. These political advancements caused many literary responses to the downfall of the government tha t Margaret Thatcher control at the time. Lessing was a feminist but was not a feminist at the same time. In an article on dnaindia.com, it is stated that, Lessing was able to do a great deal for women without subscribing to feminism she did it with her life, and with (not just within) her writing,(dnaindia). Unfortunately, not a lot of research has been done on The Good Terrorist, and it being a good fictional reference into the life of a group of squatters in 1980s Britain, Doris Lessing writes from her perspective on feminist criticism and searchs her ideas, hoping to expand further into more of Lessings works and explore the meanings behind them.

Teaching Philosophy Statement Essay -- Teaching Teachers Education Ess

Teaching Philosophy Statement The world revolves around education. Without it, we would be lost. Teachers are among the most important people in the world. They are what shape our society. This takes on a very important job, but this is something that I want to do more than anything. A teacher is one that is looked up to by others, and is respected in the community. I want to become a teacher because I want to help children learn and make a residue in a childs life. I view that I mainly follow the idealist philosophy. Becoming a teacher is something that I energise always wanted to do, so I grapple that I would put my all into it. I would make sure that I knew my content area very well. I also want to make sure the students know that they female genitals come to me with any of their problems. I not only want to be a teacher, but a role model to my students. Knowing that a student trusts me would bring so much self-fulfillment. I also follow the pragmatist philosophy. I imagine that they classroom is a community of learners. Pragmatists also establish classroom rules at the source of the year. This is important because the children are just entering the school system, and they need to know that what they may do at home isnt permitted at school. I would rather have a non-authoritarian classroom over an authoritarian classroom. I believe I could control the students. I think there would be more respect in the classroom if I made sure the students knew at the beginning of the year what was and wasnt allowed. Also, many kindergarten teachers have assistants to help them. Not that I relying on that, but that would help keep control of the classroom as well. ... ...dergartener wint learn very much if you stand in front of the room and lecture. You ned to work with the students personally, that way they grasp what you are teaching. You need to become a leader when youre working with a room full of young students. I feel that I can fulfill this role. Ive worked with young children before, and if you manage out rules beforehand, you have better results. I will definitely take what Ive learned and use it in my classroom. Education reform is necessary in our ever changing world. I know that as a teacher I would be willing to change with the times. As teachers we must have a positive attitude and take on whatever is needed. Education is one of the most important aspects of the world. Teaching is something that I look forward to, and I cant wait until I have a classroom of my own.

Teaching Philosophy Statement Essay -- Teaching Teachers Education Ess

Teaching Philosophy Statement The world revolves around education. Without it, we would be lost. Teachers are among the most measurable people in the world. They are what shape our society. This takes on a very important job, but this is something that I call for to do more than anything. A teacher is one that is looked up to by others, and is respected in the community. I want to become a teacher because I want to help children learn and score a difference in a childs life. I believe that I mainly be the idealist philosophy. Becoming a teacher is something that I have always wanted to do, so I know that I would put my all into it. I would make current that I knew my kernel area very well. I also want to make sure the students know that they can come to me with any of their problems. I not only want to be a teacher, but a role model to my students. Knowing that a student trusts me would bring so much self-fulfillment. I also follow t he pragmatist philosophy. I believe that they classroom is a community of learners. Pragmatists also establish classroom rules at the beginning of the year. This is important because the children are just entering the condition system, and they invite to know that what they may do at home isnt permitted at school. I would rather have a non- oppressive classroom over an authoritarian classroom. I believe I could control the students. I think there would be more respect in the classroom if I made sure the students knew at the beginning of the year what was and wasnt allowed. Also, many kindergarten teachers have assistants to help them. Not that I relying on that, but that would help keep control of the classroom as well. ... ...dergartener wont learn very much if you stand in front of the room and lecture. You ned to work with the students personally, that way they grasp what you are teaching. You need to become a leader when youre working with a roo m full of young students. I feel that I can fulfill this role. Ive worked with young children before, and if you set out rules beforehand, you have better results. I will definitely take what Ive learned and use it in my classroom. Education meliorate is necessary in our ever changing world. I know that as a teacher I would be willing to change with the times. As teachers we moldiness have a positive attitude and take on whatever is needed. Education is one of the most important aspects of the world. Teaching is something that I look antecedent to, and I cant wait until I have a classroom of my own.

Cultural Erasure Essay

The Caribbean can be many affaires to many people a geographic region just aboutwhere in Americas backyard, an communicative outpost of the British Empire, an exciting holiday destination for nitrogen Americans and Europeans, a place where swampy m bingley is easily laundered, and even an undefined, exotic bea that contains the dreaded Bermuda Triangle, the mythical confounded city of El Dorado, the f adequate to(p)d Fountain of Youth and the island home of Robinson Crusoe. Enriched by the mold of creolization, the cosmopolitanism of the average Caribbean individual is also well recognized No Indian from India, no European, no African can adjust with greater peace of perspicacity and naturalness to new situations (Lamming 1960, 34).As a concept or notion the Caribbean can also be adoptn to contribute a marvellous elasticity that defies the infliction of clear geographic boundaries, has no distinct religious tradition, no agreed-upon set of policy-making values, and no single cultural orientation. What, then, is the Caribbean? Who can justifiably claim to live on to it? Of the various peoples who have come to comprise the region, whose individualised individuation markers will be most central in defining the whole? For not all citizens of a nation or a region will be equally privileged and not all will have equal input in the definition of national or regional identity.In other words,because power implies a process of fond negotiation, and because power is unequally distributed in social groups, some disuniteies to the process will be more be than others. This is where the notion of erasure is secure to any appreciation of identity, and played out in the hi composition and political sympathies of colonization and decolonization in the Caribbean. As might be imagined, the colonially-conditioned divisions of race and g closed possessor figured (and continue to figure) prominently in the entire process and act upon to mind Bob Marleys advi ce to Caribbean people emancipate your minds from mental bondage (Redemption Song).Erasure is in large lead off the act of neglecting, looking past, minimizing, ignoring or rendering invisible an other. Rhoda Reddock (1996) considers the academic and political consequences of erasure at the level of ethnicity, and draws attention to four (among many other) neglected minorities in the Caribbean the Amerindians of Guyana, the Karifuna or Caribs of Dominica, the Chinese in Jamaica, and theSindhis and Gujaratis in Barbados. Although some of these argon indigenous and some have lived in the Caribbean for hundreds of years, they be comm that overlooked, even by those who today claim authentic Caribbean roots and a commitment to the region as an integrated whole.In this essay I direction on three recent studies that address the ways in which identity and erasure have come dialectically to embody several erased peoples and groups of people in the Caribbean. I begin with the contributi ons of Sandra Pouchet Paquet, who focuses on the heyday of colonialism, slavery and women in Caribbean history, and laments the accompaniment that The female ancestor is effectively silenced if not erased (Paquet 2002, 11) in the writing of that history. To this end she cites Carole Boyce-Davies and Elaine Fido, who, in assessing the belles-lettres and historiography of the region, also spoke of the diachronic absence of a specifically female position on major issues such as slavery, colonialism and decolonization, womens rights andmore direct social and cultural issues (1990, 1). Next I examine the contributions of Geert Oostindie and Inge Klinkers (2003), who move from the slave period and colonialism proper and begin to discuss the uneven dismantling of colonialism in the various Caribbean countries, and its persistence in others. In the process they focus on erasure at the wider sub-regional level of groupings of countries.Thus, Oostindie and Klinkers protest the common acad emic and political leaning to assume that the Caribbean is principally an English-speaking group of countries a campaignency that simultaneously erases or minimizes the presence and contributions of other Caribbean peoples. These authors charge that eyepatch this erasure is undeniable in the cases of the Spanish- and French-speaking Caribbean, it is particularly evident with regard to the Dutch Caribbean. For darn much has been written on the wider region generally, it is seldom with serious attention to the agent Dutch colonies of Suriname, the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba (2003, 10). And as they go on to argue, most general histories tend virtually to neglect the Dutch Caribbean (p. 234). This neglect is synonymous with erasure and constitutes a major obstacle for anyone wishing to develop a truly comprehensive understand of the entire region.Finally, there are Smart and Nehusi (2000), who invoke the view of erasure and the strive by African-ancestored people in the Carib bean, but especially in Trinidad, to disdain erasure and reclaim their identity. Smart and Nehusi look at efforts of Afro-Trinidadians to forge a diasporic identity in which gardening (Carnival) is the centrepiece of African, ancestral lore. Thus, in describing the trade in African slaves and the institution of New World slavery as the largest crime in human history, Nehusi speaks of the Maafa, or the African Holocaust, as a terror that has been still up one part of that crime has been the attempt to forget, to pretend that it did not happen and to present a history ethnically cleansed of all traces of this genocide (Nehusi 2000, 8). very much in line with the thinking of Smart and Nehusi, Paquet views slavery as a crime and speaks of the depravity of the slave owner (p. 42) as she applauds the efforts of Mary Prince to recrudesce the horrors of the system Prince lays bare for public scrutiny the criminality of slave owners and the legal system that endorses their conduct (Paqu et 2002, 41). In developing his argument Nehusi hints at a faction or historical hoax which witnessed the abandonment ofblack Trinidadians and their treatment as non-persons by a continuing Eurocentric system which refuses to recognize them and their traditions as valid and refuses to recognize the history of struggle, mainly by Afrikan people. (Nehusi 2000a, 11). To this Ian Smart adds that Africans all over the globe who have been subjected to white supremacy must be engaged unremittingly in the struggle for liberation in order to be made whole again (Smart 2000b, 199). This notion of being made whole again speaks directly to the ruling of erasure and the recapture of lost identity.Sandra Pouchet Paquet is principally concerned with two things (a) finding the Caribbean identity and (b) autobiography as a literary genre. She uses the latter to pursue the former. muniment does not only tell a story of the biographer, but of the very society and comm concord that shaped and nurtu red her/him. So it is not simply a personal recounting of episodes that have shaped ones heart but if properly written, autobiography can give valuable insights into the social worlds of the various storytellers. To this end Paquet exposes the historical silencing of the female ancestor as evidenced in the discovery and republication of the nineteenthcentury narratives of the hart sisters (Elizabeth and Ann), Mary Prince, and Mary Seacole between 1987 and1993 (2002, 13). These women bring to light what an inadvertent male scholarship had previously buried a strong female market-gardening of resistance two before and after emancipation.Unlike similar approaches, this track down is careful not to essentialize women. Instead it is sensitive to their individual differences while weaving together common strands in their biographical experiences and narratives to produce a common story of erasure, resistance and strength. In her words they throw light on the idiosyncrasies of a fema le culture of resistance in the Caribbean before and after emancipation (Paquet 2002, 13). centering on the signal contributionsof strong women like Elizabeth and Anne Hart, Mary Seacole and Mary Prince, who prepared the way for future star(p) male Caribbean writers such as C.L.R. James, George Lamming, Derek Walcott and V.S. Naipaul, Paquet does not mince words. In fact she openly acknowledges the unconscious impact of patriarchy, even on those men, and the ways in which they too contributed to the alienation, erasure and misrepresentation of women in Caribbean literary culture (p. 73).Clearly reflecting assorted social trajectories and individual strengths, the narratives of these four women nevertheless contain and speak to essential elements in the forging of a Caribbean identity. Dialectically, their efforts to reverse erasure by means of resistance culminated in a powerful story of struggle, setback and triumph of the human spirit. The Hart sisters, whose father was a fre e black, a plantation owner and a slaveholder, some(prenominal) married white men of influence. This gave them an important measure of social capital and they were able to use their religion (Methodism) and social lieu as the bases from which to promote ideas about racial equality and the empowerment of women.Mary Seacole was a unique cleaning woman for her time. The child of a free black Jamaican woman and a Scottish officer, she always set her sights on the wider world beyond Jamaica, and in time she became a creole doctress, a traveller and adventurer, entrepreneur, sutler and hotelier. The idea is not to romanticize her accomplishments for Seacole was human and vulnerable, and she betrayed all the contradictions of a woman placed in that age and time resistance, accommodation and admiration for imperialism which contained the civilizing values she professes to honor (Paquet 2002, 56). For while she railed against the injustices of race and sex discrimination she did not direc tly chal- lenge the idea of a British empire as much as she struggled to redefine her place in it (p. 56). Seacole could thus be seen as a prototype of the modern-day Afro-Saxon. Then there was Mary Prince, a slave woman who did not have the privileges of the Hart sisters or of Mary Seacole, and thus has adifferent take on the colonial situation.Comparing the two Marys (Seacole and Prince), Paquet writes that Prince embodied an embryonic nationalism formed in resistance to slavery while Seacole reflected an acceptance of colonialism after slavery (p. 52). Mary Prince was a rebel in spirit and action, and her life story is partly a struggle against erasure that illuminates another dimension of the contradictions of the time Mary Prince was a West Indian slave marooned in England by laws that made slavery illegal in England, while it was still legal in the colonies (p. 31). And as Paquet reports, the erasure and contradiction continue even in the twentieth-century male texts referred to above that are devoid of reference to her resistant, militant spirit (p. 32). Though generally muted (erased) the voice of the black woman becomes audible in the narrative of Prince whose individual life story establishes and validates a slave womans point of view while simultaneously serving as the foundation for selfidentification and self-fulfilment in anticipation of the historical changes that would later follow in the wake of emancipation (p. 33-4).Thus, viewed together, the autobiographies of the Hart sisters, Mary Seacole and Mary Prince afford us an insight into the practical and intellectual worlds of very different women, and into their multifaceted struggles whether as slaves, as women, as free coloureds, as rape victims, and finally as silenced products of colonial brutality. In humanizing themselves through their autobiographies these women are able to expose the dehumanizing conditions under which so many millions were erased. Another key motif in Paquet is that of home and its relationship to errantry, travel, departure and return. These are central radixs in Caribbean literature and reflect the post-colonial condition where the forced migrations associated with slavery and indentureship are the backdrops against which post-colonial peoples now seek to establish diasporic existences and to fashion a new way in the world. The sign trauma of forced removal from their ancestral lands has led to a spiritual yearning for rootedness and symbolic return to home. Further, the yearning in question is best represented in the notion of primordialism, for it is only at home that one supposedly finds the acceptance and security from which to begin to negotiate ones way in the world.Thus, travel as exploration and transforming encounter turns on the quest for El Dorado, the lost world, the aboriginal landscape, identity,origins, ancestry psychic re connectedness, and rebirth (Paquet 2002, 196). Viewed in this way the Caribbean is both home and an Africa n diasporic home away from home, and to this end Paquet invokes Wilfred Cartey, Carole BoyceDavies, Claude McKay, George Lamming and Edward Kamau Brathwaite to make the case for a holistic Caribbean that comprises a culturally diverse yet traditional culture block that stresses the genealogical connection with Africa (p. 745). While departure could be non-voluntary or forced (slavery), Paquet also focuses on voluntary departure, as in the Caribbean migrant to England or some other metropolitan centre. Often for economic yards, it is a sort of voluntary exile in Lammings thinking, that has given rise to scores of Caribbean diasporas in various European metropoles. London, Berlin or Toronto is really a twice-migrant first from Africa and second from the Caribbean.The connection to an African home is the centrepiece of much contemporary Afrocentric politics, but that connection is largely mythical and imagined, although many commentators seem willing to forget this fact. This speaks d irectly to the idea of home and belonging as articulated by two unapologetic Afrocentrists, Ian Smart and Kimani Nehusi (2000). For example, there is Nehusi who sees home as a nurturing place, a space of spiritual, psychological, social, and physical comfort, freedom, security and satisfaction, and ultimately confidence, because we know that we will be understood there humans feel at home only when they can be themselves in culturally familiar ways. Home is therefore a space that not merely permits but encourages us to be our own selves and in which we are easy not merely familiar, but comfortable too (Nehusi 2000a, 1-2).This essentialist and romantic theme of Africa as home is picked up bySmart who treats all black people as Africans and affirms that the African mind is one that deals with the big picture. The African mind is fundamentally driven by and towards holism (Smart 2000a, 51). And apparently unmindful of the process of creolization, Smart goes on boldly to assert that the core of Caribbean culture is the African heritage (2000a, 70).All of this is by way of setting the stage for the claim that Trinidad is an African untaught whose central cultural marker is the Carnival. According to Smart, Nehusi and several of the contributors to the volume in question, Carnival is an African fete that has become the national festival of Trinidad Carnival is a black thing, a Wosirian (Osirian) mystery play that was celebrated annually in Kemet (Ancient Egypt) from the very dawn of history (Smart 2000a, 29). Lamentably, however, the African origins and the signal contributions of Africans are bring erased by a class and colour conspiracy to wrest the festival from its original African founders. In essentialist language, these authors assume that Trinidad means African, that African means black, and that black means poor or working class (Smart 2000a, 63).Thus, the non-black presence in the Carnival, whether as masquerader, bandleader or owner, or costume desi gner, is all part of the Eurocentric (which is code for white and upper class) attempt to silence and erase the African. For one contributor, dip Springer, the consequence is that the Carnival has been reshaped in such as way that the African presence in the national festival is erased or reduced to that of a lane vendor and hired hand that does the physical labour in making the mas (Springer 2000, 22). Nehusi is in full agreement with this take on erasure of the black person Afrikan Trinidadians have been abandoned, declared nonpersons by a continuing Eurocentric system which refuses to recognize them and their traditions as valid and refuses to recognize the history of struggle (2000a, 11).Another contributor, Patricia Alleyne Dettmers, invokes the universal African and has no difficulty speaking of Africans born in Trinidad and Tobago (2000, 132). Of particular significance here is the fact that these Afrocentric commentators who rail against the erasure of Africans and the s uppression of African identity, simultaneously engage in their own erasure of the vitamin E Indian, the Chinese and other ethnic groups inTrinidad (Allahar 2004, 129-33). Thus, in the same volume, Patricia Moran, affirms that the Caribbean woman is basically African (2000, 169).As is clear, like the wider Caribbean region as a whole, the books and authors under review here are not free of contradiction and ambivalence. For the Afrocentric case put forward by writers like Smart and Nehusi (and their five co-authors) clearly looks past the well known erasure of the eastmost Indians presence and contributions they have made to such countries as Trinidad, Guyana and Suriname. For this reason David Trotman wrote sarcastically of Trinidads supposed multi-racial paradise on the eve of freedom (1962) and the racially coloured anticipation that filled the Trinidad air at the time it was a multi-racial picture from which the Indian seemed strangely absent (1991, 393).Trotman speaks of the privileging of African traditions to the neglect of Indian ones, and takes issue with one calypsonian, whose calypso titled Portrait of Trinidad only identified the Afro-associated elements of steelband, calypso and carnival as national cultural achievements. This led Trotman wryly to observe In this portrait the Indian is painted out (p. 394). Paquet also laments this erasure as it is articulated by George Lamming and V.S. Naipaul (2002, 176, 189-90).The authors of the studies contained in Smart and Nehusi (2000) speak ideologically to what supposedly binds the community together, for example, common blood lines, common ethno-cultural experience, common collective memory, common African origins and so on. I say supposedly for much of this idea of community cohesiveness is rather mythical or fictional. It is part of the essentialization of Africa and Africans that is common among Afrocentrist commentators, and in the process all others are erased. Further, in the move to homogenize and essentialize Africans, they conveniently ignore those social and structural features that divide the community. I am thinking here of internal, class, colour, economic, andpolitical inequalities within, say, the so-called African diasporic community, not to mention ideological cleavages related to religion, inter- and intra-ethnic rivalries.Given the role played by myths of ethnic descent in the invoking of national unity and cultural identity, Smart and Nehusi problematize the political dimensions of cultural nationalism as it applies to the Trinidad carnival. They give cultural nationalism a colour black which means there are major implications for those who are defined out of the societal culture, for example, those who claim East Indian, Middle Eastern, Chinese, etc., descents. To affirm that Carnival is Trinidads national festival implies that the so-called Indo-Trinidadians, who, for any(prenominal) reasons, do not see carnival as their national cultural marker, are some how less than full Trinidadians. In the minds of black nationalists, then, the carnival, which was born in Africa, is the supreme African festival and belongs entirely to black people, who, regardless of where they were born, are Africans Africa is home for all Africans.This is why Smart depicts the Trinidad carnival as the quintessential African festival (2000a, 72), and Nehusi sees the street parade segment of the celebration as symbolic of the Africans reclaiming their physical, spiritual and cultural freedom Possession of the streets was a sign of Afrikan possession of self, a spiritual re-connection with ancestors through millennia of cultural practice, a liberation through expression of impulses carried in genes for uncounted generations . (2000b, 96). Some critics have charged that the foregoing constitutes part of the large racist agendum of those black nationalists who want to define carnival in ethno-racial terms Trinbagonians can then rightly claim their festival as we thing only because it is a black thing (Smart 2000a, 72). The loose invoking of the royal we must not be taken as referring to all Trinbagonians, however, for it is tied to the deliberate erasure of the EastIndian.Thus, the contributors to the volume in question can be seen as endorsing the myth of merry Africa and spinning tall tales of racial identity and solidarity among Africans the world over. They are unequivocal in their claim that Africa is the cradle of human civilization and the source of ancient human history. In spite of these facts, however, contemporary history is said to be written and produced by white supremacist barbarians bent on erasing the major contributions of Africans. Thus, Alleyne-Dettmers essentializes barbaric Europeans (2000, 139), and both Smart (2000b, 199) and Moran (2000, 174) condemn what they refer to generally as European tongue, while Olaogun Adeyinka speaks more specifically of the heroic struggles of Africans to liberate themselves from Spanis h, French and British barbarism (2000, 111).Patricia Moran wants to rewrite history for she fears that there is a conspiracy on the part of what she calls white bandits and those Aryan marauders (p. 175), who, even today, would steal we thing, which is carnival and steelband In the assertion of an absolute African identity there is the absolute erasure of the East Indian and other ethnic groups that comprise the society. As the foregoing assessment of Smart and Nehusi (2000) suggests, in the publics mind, the term Caribbean brings immediately to mind the English-speaking countries of the region and their African-descended populations. Somewhat less immediate are the Spanish-speaking countries of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. Even less immediate are the French countries (provinces) of Martinique and Guadeloupe, and the sovereign, French-speaking country of Haiti. Then there is the most forgotten, erased, Caribbean the Dutch-speaking Netherlands Antilles and Suriname .Although scholarship on the Caribbean has devoted considerable attention to the situation of East Indians in Trinidad and Guyana, and their erasure at the hands of both the colonial authorities and the various black governments that inherited the seats of power following independence, not much is known about their counter move in Suriname and other parts of the Dutch Caribbean. In fact, when addressing Caribbean studies generally, Suriname and the other countries of the Netherlands Antilles are usually anafterthought a curious appendage of the better-known English- and Spanish-speaking Caribbean. This leads to an incomplete picture of the region for if one were to assess the situation of the East Indians in the Caribbean, the Surinamese case seems to parallel that of Trinidad and Guyana, but the lessons learned in the latter were lost on the former.Indeed, in the years leading up to Surinames independence (1975), the East Indian population had the same fears and misgivings as their counterparts in Trinidad and Guyana a decade and a half earlier. And if political independence in these two countries was black in complexion, the social and political erasure of their East Indian populations could be expected to be repeated in Suriname. Thus, Gert Oostindie and Inge Klinkers wrote that restfully the Hindustani population were only afraid that those who would receive independence (i.e. the Afro-Surinamese) would use this for the enlargement of their own political power (2003, 112). As a consequence the East Indians generally opposed independence and opted for continued colonial dependence on the Dutch (p. 103, 112).For Oostindie and Klinkers (2003), then, this is only one reason why any comprehensive attempt to understand the history and sociology of the Caribbean must include the contributions that the Dutch countries have made to the shaping of the regions wider culture and politics. Yet one must not homogenize all the Dutch countries, for Suriname and Aruba, fo r example, are quite politically, socially and culturally distinct. And whereas the rulings of black power informed the political sensibilities of Curaaos population, the political elites of Aruba had always tended to underscore the Euro-Amerinidian roots of their island as opposed to the African character of Curaao (2003, 122).Indeed, as these authors point out, after losing Indonesia the Dutch lost most of their appetite for empire and appeared to retain their Caribbean possessions only reluctantly. And after the independence of Suriname, anunusual situation was presented whereby the start out country seemed willing to free itself from the responsibilities of Empire, but the colonies in question would not let them off the mulct (p. 116, 145). This is reminiscent of what Rosemarijn Hoefte and Gert Oostindie call an example of upside-down decolonization with the metropolis, not the former colonies, pressing for independence (1991, 93).As Oostindie and Klinkers convincingly argue , whereas in the British West Indies (BWI) the sentiment for independence was strong in the 1950s and 1960s, this was not the case in the French West Indies and the Dutch West Indies (2003, 46-7). Suriname was the exception, but it was continental and not part of the socalled Antilles or Netherlands Antilles. In the case of the United States, Puerto Rico was a mixed bag with a significant proportion desiring statehood and an equal number preferring the continuation of the status quo, while an insignificant minority has always favoured independence. The US Virgin Islands, on the other hand, has never had any pretensions at independence of any kind. What is most impinging about all these non-sovereign Caribbean states today (the remaining British Overseas Territories, Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands, St. Martin, Martinique and Guadeloupe, Curaao, St. Maarten, Saba, St. Eustatius, Bonaire and Aruba), is that they have a higher standard of living than the independent states, whic h leads some to make the perverse claim for continued colonization.The fact of the matter, however, is that all the economies in question are almost totally subsidized by the mother countries so local or indigenous economic development is virtually nonexistent. The higher standards of living are thus quite precarious and artificial and could bash any time the colonial power decided to withdraw. This led to the obvious conclusion that because from the Dutch side, millions of guilders are pumped into the Antilles and Suriname on a yearly basis, it would be far more preferable that today rather than tomorrow that the Netherlands would get rid of the Antilles and Suriname (Oostindie and Klinkers 2003, 116).But as noted by Paquet earlier, decolonization is intimately tied to identity, whether juridical or socio-cultural, and wrapped up in the complex Caribbean traditions of errantry, travel, migration and return. So followingthe insights of Derek Walcott, after all the travel is over, r eturn to home is on the agenda but home is a nuanced Caribbean with African sensibilities. Further, because finding self is the prerequisite to finding home (Paquet 2002, 171, 173, 186-7 Smart and Nehusi 2000), and because self- knowledge leads to self-realization (Paquet 2002, 184, 187, 191), identity and belonging are inextricably tied to (political) action.Thus, in the case of the remaining British Overseas Territories, there is the ongoing debate over citizenship, passports and legal rights that led to the clumsy mental home of a category of British dependent territory passport holders. This has given rise to what Oostindie and Klinkers call a group of persons with a form of paper identity that has turned them into citizens of nowhere (2003, 195). The same applies to the Surinamers and other Antillean peoples, who want to retain their distinctive Caribbean cultural identities, but who, mainly for economic reasons insist on retaining Dutch passports, Dutch citizenship, and all a ssociated rights and privileges. And just as growing economic problems (unemployment) and social problems (racial discrimination) led the British in the 1960s to restrict free movement of British subjects from the former colonies to the metropolis, the French sought to encourage economic development in Martinique and Guadeloupe in order to reduce the numbers of those emigrating to France, and The Hague has made similar attempts to limit the numbers of Surinamese and Antilleans who have claims on Dutch citizenship.Once more the parallels are compelling but the consequences of erasure prevent them from being fully grasped. Another instructive parallel that seems lost in the erasure of the Dutch Caribbean concerns the idea of regional federation or integration. When Jamaica decided to pull out of the federation of the ten British West Indian territories in 1961, Trinidads Eric Williams announced that 1 from 10 leaves naught, implying that the idea of federation was dead (Knight and Pal mer 1989, 14-15). For their part the Dutch Antilles, which are composedof six islands, were faced with an almost exact dilemma when Aruba was granted separate status in 1996. With continental Suriname already independent, Arubas status aparte led to a virtually identical sentiment of one out of six would leave nil (Oostindie and Klinmkers 2003, 122), and seemed to end all hope or talk of Antillean independence. Based on the forgoing it is clear to see how the Caribbean, both historically and in contemporary times, is a political project subject to the power politics of entrenched interests, whether of a class, race or gendered nature.Further, as social groups strive to root themselves and to establish identity markers, such politics will see the erasure of some and the promotion of others. The three studies reviewed here suck up dimensions of the colonial period in the Caribbean as well as the politics of decolonization and the politics of nation building in the modern age. While tardily the latter has tended to assume clear ethnic dimensions, considerations of class, race and gender are not to be minimized or ignored, for the modern Caribbean was constructed on the politics of social inequality that are directly tied their statuses as dependent capitalist satellites of imperialist centres in an increasingly globalized world. ***ReferencesAllahar, Anton L. (2003) Racing Caribbean Political Culture Afrocentrism, Black nationalism and Fanonism. In Holger Henke and Fred Reno (eds) Modern Political Culture in the Caribbean. Kingston, Jamaica University of the West Indies Press, pp. 21-58. Allahar, Anton L. (2004) Ethnic Entrepreneurship and Nationalism in Trinidad Afrocentrism and Hindutva, Social and Economic Studies (53)2 117-154.Alleyne Dettmers, Patricia (2000) Beyond Borders, Carnival as globularPhenomena. In Smart and Nehusi (eds) pp. 131-162.Boyce-Davies, Carole and Elaine Fido (eds) (1990) Out of Kumbla Caribbean Women and Literature. Trenton, NJ Afric a World Press.Hoefte, Rosemarijn and Gert Oostindie (1991) The Netherlands and the Dutch Caribbean Dilemmas of Decolonization. In Paul Sutton (ed.) Europe and the Caribbean. London Macmillan, pp. 71-98. Knight, Franklin W. and Colin S. Palmer (eds) (1989) The Modern Caribbean. Chapel Hill The University of North Carolina Press. Lamming, George (1960) The Pleasures of Exile. London Michael Joseph. Moran, Patricia (2000) Experiencing the Pan African Dimension of Carnival. In Smart and Nehusi (eds) pp. 163-78.Nehusi, Kimani S. K. (2000a) Going back home to the Carnival. In Smart and Nehusi (eds) pp. 1-16. (2000b) The Origins of Carnival Notes from a Preliminary Investigation. In Smart and Nehusi (eds) pp. 77-103.Nehusi, K.S.K. and Olaogun Narmer Adeyinka (2000) A Carnival of Resistance, Emancipation, Commemoration, Reconstruction, and Creativity. In Smart and Nehusi (eds) pp. 105-129. Oostindie, Gert and Inge Klinkers (2003) Decolonising the Caribbean Dutch policies in a comparative p erspective. capital of The Netherlands Amsterdam University Press.Paquet, Sandra Pouchet (2002) Caribbean Autobiography cultural identity and self-representation. Madison, WI The University of Wisconsin Press.Reddock, Rhoda E. (ed.) (1996) Ethnic Minorities in Caribbean Society. St. Augustine, Trinidad ISER. Smart, Ian I. and Kimani S. K. Nehusi (eds) (2000) Ah Come Back Home Perspectives on the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival. Washington Original World Press.Smart, Ian I. (2000a) Carnival, the Ultimate Pan-African Festival. In Smart and Nehusi (eds) pp. 2976. (2000b) Its not French (Europe), Its really French-based Creole (Africa). In Smart and Nehusi (eds) pp. 197-221.Springer, Pearl Eintou (2000) Carnival Identity, Ethnicity and Spirituality. In Smart and Nehusi (eds) pp. 17-28.Trotman, David V. (1991) The go for of Indians in Calypso Trinidad1946-1986. In Selwyn Ryan (ed.) Social and Occupational Stratification in Trinidad and Tobago. St. Augustine, Trinidad ISER, pp. 385-98.

Justice in Plato’s Republic

Plato body politic presents the concepts of psychic umpire and psychic righteousness. This is different from what in norm every(prenominal)y observed as justice and virtue. Thus, when apparently good deeds are ostensibly rewarded, and, correspondingly, evils deeds are punished, that is considered to be justice. But Plato is suggesting that appearances are deceptive, and that true justice and virtue are not so easily recognizable. The matter needs to be considered by essences, not appearances. In this way is derived psychic justice and virtue.And when we bewilder at the latter understanding we overcome the negateions found in the first project. For in the apparent view evil assemblems to be rewarded, while virtue is punished, in the normal course of life. The object of Plato is thus to convince that the just life in preferable to the unjust. As in all the dialogues of Plato, the argument is presented as that of Socrates, and in which the A indeedian philosopher systemati withdr awy overcomes all possible objections to the proposed thesis. Republic is possibly the most elaborately presented argument of Plato, and is also the longest.This essay argues that all the objections raised, by the friends and acquaintances of Socrates, regarding the principle hypnotism dry landd above, are fareed comprehensively. Evidence seems to contradict the claim of Socrates that the just life is always to be preferred, and this is the principle objection raised by all detractors. In Book I the objection is raised by the rich host Cephalus, and by the cynical Thrasymachus. Cephalus is not confrontational, still merely smug in his time that wealth has allowed him to practice virtue.Socrates confounds him by asking whether he would return a lethal weapon to its rightful owner when it is certain that he is not in the right frame of mind and will commit mischief with it. Thrasymachus is intolerant of the dialectical method of Socrates, and demands a positive answer to the ques tion of what justice is. He himself volunteers the positive opinion that justice is the interest of the powerful. Socrates makes the argument that no act is in the interest of the powerful, but is necessarily in the interest of the weaker.For example, the potter makes pots for those who energise no inkling of the art of pottery, but would nevertheless like to use one(a). The potter (the strong) is successful if he can satisfy the non-potter (the weak). Since justice must be equated with success, the just act is committed in the interest of the weak. By a similar argument, the just act cannot inflict harm, neither to the just subject, nor to the recipient of justice, and in this way Socrates refutes the opposite claim of Thrasymachus that the unjust are happy, while the just suffer.This is the substance of the argument the Glaucon and Adeimantus turn over so far absorbed, and are only part convinced by. They remain in the company later on Thrasymachus and Cephalus have departed , and are the principal agents to take the argument forward. They proceed to raise the same challenge of Thrasymachus, but in a less confrontational way, and with an earnest inclination to find out. Socrates conclusion that the just are rewarded while the unjust destroy themselves seems to them to utterly contradict plain evidence.Glaucon cannot accept that acts of justice are desired two for their own sake and for the sake of their results (Plato 45). Everyone knows, he suggests, that the virtuous act is undertaken with a dread of offensive consequences. He puts forward a picture of two extremes on the one hand thither is the rich hypocrite who the world recognizes as virtuous, and on the other the poor and virtuous man who is also castigated by society as evil. This is not far removed from reality, and Glaucon pleads where the benefits of justice and virtue are in view here.Adeimantus stresses the same point, going further to quote the poets who maintain that honesty is for the most part less profitable than dishonesty and they are quite ready to call wicked men happy (Ibid 53). Socrates at this point brings forward the crux of his argument it is a ploy to consider the macrocosm before the microcosm. Justice and virtue must prevail in the Republic before it is possible at the atomic level of the individual. If the Republic is just, then its virtues will be far more(prenominal) visible than it would be in the case of the individual, and this due to its size.The workings of the state are more open to examination then the workings of the soul. In this well-advised Socrates is prepared to embark on an epic reconstruction of the Republic. Much of this discussion in phrased in terms of should be, but it is important that we remember that it is not political science which Plato is attempting. The Republic is put forward only as a mirror to the soul. It is phrased in terms of should be because justice is the quest, and the just Republic is necessarily construct ed on what ought to be. Once justice is located here, and recognized, it throws invaluable light on the corresponding map of the soul.In the end Glaucon and Adeimantus are convinced that there is justice in the Republic. Each step in Socrates argument is built on the idea that the unjust, as a league, are incapable of any shaping effort. Even while refuting Thrasymachus, Socrates has argued that the unjust are against both their own kind, and their opposite kind (the just), while the just, at the very least, are in favor of the just. Therefore, all that is constructive and beneficial stems from the virtue of the just. On this crucial argument Socrates bases his reconstruction, and therefore justice is seen to prevail in every facer of the Republic.What exactly this justice is Socrates confesses not to know, soon enough there are three other qualities that must precede it wisdom, courage and temperance. Each member of society has a requisite knowledge which answers a concern in l ife, and which is necessary for survival. The sum of such atomized knowledge is the wisdom of the state. The highest calling of all is that of the guardians of the state, and in them is the great wisdom, for they bunk all others and thereby secure the greatest good. In particular, they determine the education, and they censor the arts, knowing what is conducive to the whole.Courage is in the defenders of the state. Temperance in distributed throughout society, for everyone must know the right measure of things. Socrates argues that both wealth and poverty are detrimental to the artisan. Wealth makes him inattentive to his art, while in poverty he cannot afford the means to practice. Therefore, the circumstances that prevail in a healthy Republic forces temperance on one and all. If this is a just Republic, argues Socrates, where justice, wisdom, courage and temperance prevail, than justice must be that which is left after wisdom, courage and temperance have been extracted from the whole.Having identified justice in the macrocosm, Socrates goes on to find its correspondence in the microcosm, which is in the soul of man. He distinguishes two types of knowledge, one guided by the rational principle, the other following the appetites, or the gratification of the five senses. Just as the higher wisdom of the guardians in the state guide the knowledge of all others, so the rational principle of the soul controls the appetites, and this makes for the wisdom of the soul.In the case of the Republic it has been shown that if each individual is allowed to function properly in his own calling then this constitutes justice in the wider body politic. Similarly, when the rational principle of the soul guides every facet of the kind-hearted to function properly, then not only has the individual attained to justice, but also to health, for then each part is in harmony with the other and there is no discord. In this state justice, wisdom, courage and temperance prevail toget her, and as in the case of the Republic, justice is that which remains after the other three.We call this psychic justice, because we do not see it for itself, but only discover its existence after examination of the human psyche. It is not possible to refute the existence of psychic justice, and all the objections raised against it have been answered completely by Socrates. It is only a question of how worthy one considers it to be. It is not only a question of following the argument, but also of perceiving the midland import of it. Socrates therefore provides three answers to the same question, suited to the attitudes of the questioners. Cephalus must only be disturbed from his smug righteousness.The confrontational Thrasymachus can only be refuted with gravid logic, for he cannot be made to comprehend. In Glaucon and Adeimantus, however, Socrates senses a desperate willingness to learn. There is something truly divine in being able to argue as you have make for the superiority of injustice, he tells them, and remaining unconvinced by your own arguments (Ibid 58). The analogy of the Republic is introduced only to answer this honest query. In effect it is the same answer arrived at as the previous two, but nevertheless is special because it allows scope for inner comprehension.This is what Glaucon and Adeimantus come to in the end, and it is far more worth while to them then to merely follow logic. Of course appearances will continue to deceive, and Socrates maintains throughout that he still does not know what justice is. But if the only acquisition is a strengthening of faith in the higher justice, then the gain is substantial. To conclude, Plato introduces the concept of psychic justice, the purpose of which it to contradict the popular notion that the wicked and unjust harvest the fruits of the world, while the just are easy prey for the evildoers.He introduces the analogy of the Republic, which is presented as the macrocosm that mirrors the microcosm that is the soul of man. In this way he identifies the justice that prevails in the Republic, and then finds the counterpart justice in the soul of man. In my opinion, psychic justice is to be considered above the apparent notions of justice, because appearances deceive. Plato raises his argument on the essential considerations of the human soul, and it is thus irrefutable.

A General to Remember : Francis Marion “Swamp Fox” Essay

Come, my boys Let us go back and we allow find the Gamecock. But as for this damned old fox, the devil himself could not catch him That was the famous quote by Banastre Tarleton, a British planetary and soldier, who gave the Swamp befuddle his name. Francis Marion was the Swamp Foxs real name. Marion was born on February 26th 1732, in Goat Field Plantation in Saint Johns Parish, Berkeley County, South Carolina. When Marion was a boy, he wane off to sail at the age of 15 but ended up being stranded at sea for a week forward him and 7 other crewmembers drifted to shore stated in the online Smithsonian Magazine The Swamp Fox. Marion later joined the South Carolina militia just before his 25th birth mean solar day to fight in the French and Indian War, however, during this War Marion took an interest in the insurgent fighting technique and became a mastery of irregular warfare and rapid mobility. Francis Marion is an anti-hero because he was humble, used unruly methods of attack, and was a father to all. One of Francis Marions actions that made him an anti-hero was because he was humble. For instance, when he joined the war he did it to fight for his country. Marion was a man who was a priggish disciplinarian who dressed modestly, abstained from drinking, and forbade his troops from plundering their Loyalist neighbors, said in an article named Francis Marion. He never expected each sort of popularity in return, but many people admired him and his actions anyways. An article from Smithsonian Magazine named The Swamp Fox, has a man named Busik, who has written the introduction to a newly edition of Simms The Life of Francis Marion, based on facts alone he quotes Marion deserves to be remembered as one of the heroes of the War of Independence. Not only was his humbleness an anti-hero quality, but as well as Marion used unruly methods of attack. He would fight in a second fashion to succeed in the wars he fought in that made him more of an anti-hero. Marion was promoted by the President and became a general under Nathanael Greene in January 20, 1780 as said in the book Swamp Fox The life and campaigns of General Francis Marion. Marion was one of the prototypal to ever take on the style of killing the generals or higher leaders first instead of the soldiers like the rules of war were.On January 20th, 1780, Francis Marion became promoted to brigadier general under a man named Nathanael Greene, said in the book Swamp Fox The Life and Campaigns of General Francis Marion. Marion got his nickname from a man named Banastre Tarleton because of his ways for guerrilla warfare and how good he was at them. Tarleton was frustrated with chasing Marion around through Ox Swamp and gave up saying Come, my boys Lets us go back and we will find the Gamecock. But as for this damned old fox, the devil himself could not catch him This was found in the NPS.gov article General Francis Marion. However, despite what he did fighting, he was a father to all. Ma rion had no children of his own, but treated his nieces and nephews and friends all the same as if he was their father. He cared round them and looked out for them, hence why he would forbid his troops from plundering their Loyalist neighbors, which is again is said in the article Francis Marion. Marion was a father to all everyone looked up to him and appreciated him for what he did and what he was like. Some people may say that the Swamp Fox wasnt even a hero, let alone an anti-hero. People think that because of Marions guerrilla style way of fighting, he wasnt a good guy because he went against the rules of war. With his fatherly ways, people took that as an arrogance thing. That he was stuck up and wanted to treat everyone as if they were younger than him. Others took his humbleness as another form of arrogance and thought of him as disgust. Because of all of this they thought of him as a villain instead of a hero. Though some people may have looked down upon Marion and his act ions as a person, the majority of the people who know about him or knew him will say differently. Francis Marions ways of being humble, his fighting being an unruly way of attack, and his actions being fatherly, would still make him an anti-hero to all. A day is dedicated to Marion for his actions in the wars he has fought in. General Francis Marion Day, which is held on the twenty-seventh day of February, became founded in 2007 said on their official website Revolutionary History, Clarendon Country, SC. The Swamp Fox is a general to never be forgotten for the things hes done.

Is Batman a Real Superhero

Is Batman a real crack hired gun, harmonize to a lot of people they would say he is non and when you would contract for a reason why not they result usually always give the same reason that he cant be bingle since he has no A-one power. But Im writing this paper to show that a highlyhero isnt necessarily defined by his powers, besides rather, his flair for fight crime and his innate ability to do so. Batman may not father super human powers but he addresss e real early(a) property that other super heroes assimilate that define them.As well another sheath of why we may consider Batman to be a real super hero is Lex Luthor, Lex does not have any super powers but he is defiantly a super scoundrel, thus with him being a super villain how could we not agree to Batman being a super hero. Interestingly, the term superhero has been traced back to its first appearance in a 1942 story by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby, when it was utilise to describe the costumed causa the Guardi an, who also had no super-powers.The term super is a coinage of the 1920s, when it came into vogue as a contraction of the word spiffing and should not be construed as always meaning something beyond the ability of ordinary humans super does not have to be synonymous with impossible. personal line of credit that in the link below, it is clearly stated that characters need not have actual superhuman powers to be deemed superheroes. Batman is also served up there as an example of one of the worlds best known superheroes, and he is the prototype of scores of costumed heroes who have no superhuman powers.Clearly, Batman qualifies as a superhero and opinions to the contrary are on the button that, mere opinions, and may be ignored with a clear conscience. Webster defines being a super hero as a type of stock character possessing extraordinary or superhuman powers and dedicated to protecting the public and has some visual characteristic (typically an outfit) that makes him/her identi fiable. Batman defiantly fits this definition to the teeth, since he has dedicated his whole (fictional) life to the protecting the citizens of Gotham City, and everyone out there has to admit he has some pretty extraordinary powers.But what else defines as super hero A strong example reckon, which will include being willing to risk ones own life in order to help someone help and expecting vigour in return. Such code can also include the refusal or strong reluctance to kill or wield weapons. Batman has never killed anyone and doesnt physical exertion guns, he uses gadgets and stealth to subdue his enemies and then make sure they are handed over to the police force.Also a strong motivation and a sense of responsibility with a hint of some personal v completionetta against criminals, like with Batmans vendetta against the people mugged and shot his parents when they were coming out of their institute they were attending. A super hero moldiness also have a secret identity that w ill protect their family and friends from being the target of his enemies. Batman doesnt have a lot of close friends but the ones he does he wants to protect from villains such as the Joker and the Riddler. Heroes must also have a distinctive costume in order to conceal their identity from the public.They must also have an underlying motif that resembles the heroes name, personal effects and other pictures the character has come to represent, for example Batman takes his name obviously from a Bat, operates at night designs all of his gadgets with a bat prefix, and some importantly the batmobile tends to resemble a bat. Heroes must also have a supporting cast of recurring characters in there comic books, though not all of them will not know the super heroes secret identity which will make the heroes personal relationships with them complicated by the dual life.One of the most important parts of heroes is their enemies they fight. tops(p) heroes will usually start by fighting run o f the mill villains with no exceptional gifts, but then later on usually super villains will start to appear, and in many case the hero is actually responsible for them coming into to play. Like how Batman was there for the accident that created 2 face, Batman may not have been able to stop it but that sure wont stop two face for blaming Batman. Also archenemies are the most important villain to superheroes as they are usually the exact opposite and just as reigning as or even more powerful than them.Batmans greatest enemy would most likely have to be the Joker, as he is the foil to batman, as Batman is dark, quiet, and grim while the joker is colourful, loquacious, and very flamboyant. The hero will also need some sort of job with minimal supervision or independent wealth to fund his deeds since he keeps his identity secret there is going to be no way hes going to be paid for what he does, Batman got the lucky end of the stick on this one since he is the richest super hero out th ere he will have no problem funding is exploits.Heroes will also need to have some sort of headquarters or base of operations, usually hidden, in order to prepare for some sort of complaint or to come back to store all their gear. The last thing that defines a super hero from an ordinary Joe is the back story that explains the circumstances that the hero acquired his or her abilities and as well the motivation behind wanting to help the public and just help themselves. Many origins will usually include junky accidents or tragic events, like batmans parents being shot.Now for all of you out there who still dont believe that someone without super powers could actually be a super hero, hasnt looked into the actual science of being batman, Im not saying batman has super human powers but what he does and the frequency that he does it could not even be attempted by todays strongest athletes. Some question that needs to be asked is how much energy Batman uses in a day and how much food m ust he eat to give him that much energy.In the book becoming Batman by E.Paul Zehr, Batman would put down about 4,000 calories a day which is comparable but still more than how much Tour de France racers use when competing in the race, but wait Batman does this everyday not just once a year. So in order to keep this going he must intake 4,000 calories a day in food, though it cant just be any food it must be carefully monitored to contain 15% fat , 60% Carbohydrates and 25% protein, in order to maintain the physical fitness he needs to keep fighting crime.Now lets talk about his crime fighting abilities, we all know that Batman is extensively trained in the martial arts, but how long would it take you to become a master in them, and how many does Bruce Wayne know, according to Becoming Batman Bruce knows more than 3 unlike styles of martial arts. Now in order to master a skill there is three steps you must go through cognitive, associative, and automatic.Cognitive is the first step and this is where the Bruce would use information to develop a plan, require a high level of concentration, and unable to write out small details or changes in the environment. The second step is associative which refines the movements, gradually manages to change in the environment and doesnt attend to every aspect of movement. The final step is automatic and here you require no cognitive attention to movement, get consistent performance, and can good adapt smoothly and easily to different environments.Now Batman has mastered more than 3 different styles of martial arts (by roughly the age of 20-30), that seems a little bit far from imaginable since Batman is very intelligent is shows a sign that he was well educated and with education how can you find the time to master more than 3 different forms of martial arts. Also another main aspect to Batman is the fact that he is out every night being batman and getting into fights, how can someone that fights pretty much every night k eep it up.He would have to make sure that he never broke a bone, and in his line of bring that would be incredibly difficult, he would have to do everything perfectly and all regular humans are incapable of being perfect, but Batmans not. Batman share more than enough of the common landalities of the fictional characters classified as superheroes to claim the pedigree.He wears a costume and keeps his real identity a secret he has a hidden headquarters he uses special equipment, ranging from miniaturized devices he keeps in his utility belt to vehicles like the batmobile and the batplane he has the legal status of a deputy he associates with other so-called superheroes and is a founding member of the Justice League of America, a team of superheroes he often fights individuals who qualify as super-criminals he defends common people and will risk his life to protect the common man he can be summoned by the police through the use of a special signalling device (the bat signal) he has special skills which he uses to fight crime, ranging from a mastery of current fighting skills, to the use of disguises, to the mastery of certain forensic sciences, to a unique understanding of psychology of the criminal mind, and he is a very good detective. Batman also answers to a higher moral code than does the average man.

Feature Writing Essay

The term feature article is quite world(a) and can complicate some(prenominal) unalike forms, much(prenominal) as profile features, news features, exposes, and many new(prenominal)s. Feature journalism can withal have numerous purposes, for deterrent example to inform, to educate, or to simply entertain. While feature article is sure as shooting a broad term, features do come with their own set of defining characteristics which make them different to a news article.Feature articles atomic number 18 distinguished from regular news reports because they give the reader to a greater extent(prenominal) than a facts- only if account of an issue they explore themes and concepts much deeply than a hard news article. While feature articles usu wholey have elements of news worthiness (for example, a profile of a politician in the lead up to an election), they ar much timeless to some degree, because the underlying themes of features argon usually universal. Although not al shipwa y the case, feature articles are usually long-acting than news articles.Structurally, this gives the author more freedom. Unlike news articles, features do not adhere to the inverted pyramid structure an effective feature will often show the gradual development of the authors ideas in a way that is described in the Week 1 lecture (McHugh, 2013) as a slow burn. No matter the purpose of a feature article, they always produce to give the reader more than besides the news. Because features take overt rely on pure newsworthiness to engage their audience, they must have wide-cut writing, solid look for and relatable themes. Features are often more colourfully scripted than news articles, and the writer has the opportunity to display creativity and flair. However, this does not mean that clear writing is less important in features than in any other form of journalism.As stated in the Week 1 lecture (McHugh 2013), features arent an excuse for literary pyrotechnics. The basics of good journalism (and good writing in general) all apply to feature writing. While opinion pieces can qualify as feature articles, features in general are certainly not a mere outlet for the writer to express their opinions, or to speculate on an issue factual information and enquiry are the foundations of all forms of journalism, including feature articles. However, features do give room for the writer to discuss context and provide commentary on an issue. The Aerobic Art of InterviewsInterviews undertaken by the author are a major part of all feature articles. This is most prominent in profile features, which use call into questions as the basis of the article, although interviews can be utilise for a range of different purposes across all types of features. For example, an author might quote an expert in a field and quote or paraphrase their words to add credibility to an informative piece, or quote members of the public to gauge popular opinions on an issue. An interview is not m erely a conversation, notwithstanding rather a structured, focused dialogue (McHugh 2013).However, often interviews are conducted in a conversational or colloquial manner this way, the interviewee (and journalist) will be more relaxed, leading to more interest and honest responses. The demeanour of the journalist conducting the interview influences the vanquishs responses to some extent. Along the same lines, the subject will also be more relaxed and less distracted if the interview takes place in a quiet, comfortable place. In preparing for an interview, it is important to research the subject and prepare a thoughtful and relevant set of questions. These types of questions are more likely to elicit responses useful for a feature.This doesnt mean that journalists need to stick to a shape set of questions there are situations during which they are required to be flexible and willing to take the interview in directions which they may not have lively for. The journalists role is to ask questions that will provoke interesting, detailed responses (like a moving anecdote or an entertaining quote). For this reason, closed questions (those which encourage a short or single word answer) should be avoided in favour of open ended questions.If the interviewee is not a high profile person, it will be difficult to research information about them an interview is often the journalists only chance to get to know their subject. In this case, the only way to acquire general knowledge about the subjects background is to accommodate some questions about their everyday life, for example, what they do for a living or where they grew up. Even if these questions get int directly relate to the premise of the article, this factual information needs to be established. Asking these non-threatening questions first is also a good way of avoiding more personal questions until trust has been built.It is usually needful to cast judgements aside and abide neutral during an interview. If the subject feels that they are being judged, it may foster a common sense of uneasiness or animosity between the journalist and subject, leading to the subject becoming more guarded with their responses, or less cooperative with the journalists needs in general. On the other hand, a judgement free, safe environment during the interview can lead to the subject being more open and honest with their responses. To re primary(prenominal) neutral, interview questions must be carefully worded. For example, when interviewing an author, a journalist would be more wise to say Why do you think people were lively of your last novel? rather than Why does everybody hate your novel?Remaining interested and curious during an interview is more than just a matter of courtesy. If a subject feels they are not being listened to, or that their time is not appreciated, they will become uninterested themselves, and probably answer questions minimally. As can be seen in an audio grab from the Week 2 lecture (Bill Moyes), an inquisitive attitude leads to the subject feeling more comfortable with speaking colourfully and in detail. In this case, the genuine curiosity displayed by the interviewer towards the subject, lead to a detailed anecdote and many character telling quotes.The journalist conducting the interview should be personable and aim to create some kind of chemistry between him/herself and the subject, and empathise with them. As a journalist, you are not only observing the subject, only if being ascertained yourself. Your demeanour during an interview does influence the responses of the subject. For example, an aggressive demeanour can lead the subject to respond in a guarded way. In saying this, it would be foolish to avoid asking the hard questions for fear of offending the subject. The journalists role is to report things in the public interest, and often potentially polemical or personal aspects of an article are the most interesting.Ethical Considerations for JournalistsWhile there are many black & white laws in place to defend journalists from prosecution, the honest considerations of journalism are often less clear. In their pursuit of a story, journalists must tip-toe a very indistinct line between ethical and unethical practices. The Week 8 lecture (McHugh, 2013) contains some ethical guidelines for journalists. Most importantly, journalists should aim to be fair and impartial, and to strive to report events as truthfully and accurately as possible. Journalists should also be sensitive to those in distress or grieving, and respect requests for privacy.They should also disclose the fact that they are a journalist so that people know there words and actions may be reported in the press. Many borderline unethical journalistic practices are still widely used in the media. An example of this is a journalist publishing quotes by citizens in an attempt to gauge the opinions of the public on the current government. If the journalist only publishes quotes by people who were critical of the government, and ignores those who were supportive of it, the article is imbalanced while still remaining truthful in a technical sense. Similarly, the use of puckish words with overtly negative or positive connotations to describe somebody may be truthful while still attempting to influence the audience by appealing to their emotions.Despite the grey areas that exist in the ethics of journalism, there are some practices that are universally agreed upon as unethical. One such practice is the intervention of journalists in such a way as to misrepresent or falsify an event. For example, journalists reporting on conflicts in Northern Ireland paying children to throw rocks at British Troops, the footage of which was then shown on the evening news.A journalist intervening in such a way is unethical not only because it is disingenuous, but also because it potentially places the vulnerable civilians in danger of violence or prosecution. J ournalists must be aware that their articles have a potentially negative effect on the lives of the people involved in an issue (McHugh, 2013). An article such as this is ethical if the negative effect on a person is justifiable.For example, an expose on a politician taking bribes may destroy said politicians career, but the publishing the article is ethical because journalists have a duty to inform the public of matters that influence them. On the other hand, an article about a politicians sexual preference would usually be considered unethical to publish, as it merely exposes the persons private life and could needlessly damage their career. The main point I have taken outside from the Week 8 & 9 lectures is that ethics in journalism is not a black & white issue, and ethical dilemmas are common. There are ways journalists can deal with ethical dilemmas they can ask colleagues (especially those with more experience), consult the MEAA code (and the codes of their employers) and, pe rhaps most importantly, act in accordance with their own lesson compass. Profile FeaturesA profile feature is a type of feature article that focuses biographically on an individual. They can be about anyone celebrities, athletes, businessman, politicians, or even routine people (provided there is something compelling about them or their story). Profiles are often based around an in-depth interview with the subject. The questions asked during the interview depend on the focus of the interview. When preparing for and conducting an interview, the main aim of the journalist is to elicit detailed responses from the subject which would be beneficial to the article. The key characteristics of a profile article are observations of the subject, anecdotes, direct quotes and descriptive scenes. all of these components give the reader an indication of the subjects character. In a profile article, the writer usually refers to observations about the subject that they made when meeting or inte rviewing him.These could be about the subjects appearance, mannerisms, or the way they interact with people. For example, in the Good Weekend profile on Bob Katter referenced in the Week 6 lecture, the author notes Katters cowboy hat and suede boots, as well as the fact that he knows the names of the waiters at the caf where the interview took place. All of these observations assist the reader in forming an impression of Katter. Also common in profile articles are anecdotes. Anecdotes are short, interesting accounts of real incidents. In a profile article, an anecdote may be a childhood story about the subject, or an amusing account of their first day on the job. They are often amusing or entertaining to again refer to the Good Weekend article from Week 6, the author talks about Katter getting in fights at school because his mother would make him wear shoes and socks. Factual information about the subject can be established during preliminary research or during interviews.These fac ts are woven into the article to provide context about the person and there life. The Katter profile goes into some detail about his rural fostering while these facts arent substantial enough to carry the whole article, the do give the reader some indication of where his values come from and how he became who he is. When writing a profile, the journalist must maintain an open mind, remaining aware of the fact all humans are infinitely complex. It is therefore necessary to keep an open mind and avoid unfair stereotypes. The writer should be aware of when to include a direct quote from the subject, and when to rephrase their main point.A good quote will usually stick out for any of a number of reasons perhaps its funny, or particularly eloquent, or revealing of the subjects character. In cases such as these, it is more appropriate to quote the subject directly. However there is no point including less interesting quotes in an article if the writer feels he can say the same thing mo re effectively, he/she should paraphrase the quote. In addition to the main subject of the profile, a journalist usually conducts interviews with several other sources to add depth to the article.These secondary sources could be a friend, colleague or family member of the main subject, but they dont have to be if they can add valuable insight into the subjects life or work, then they can be considered appropriate or relevant to include as a secondary source. For example, a secondary source for a profile of a classical instrumentalist might be an expert on classical music, or their high school music teacher. One common trap profile writers fall into include overtly writing about themselves or their own opinions on an issue during an article. As stated in the Week 5 lecture (McHugh 2013), you are just the conduit to your subject.Another practice to be avoided is the overuse of clichs such as a hushed silence most readers have encountered these phrases so many times that they have l ost all meaning and potency. Structurally, profile features give the writer a great deal of freedom. However, there are some techniques and conventions that are employed in most profiles. The most effective openings for a profile interview are usually one of the following an anecdotal lead, a descriptive scene, a good quote from the subject or a suspenseful lead. The paragraphs in the body of the article include transitions and tee-ups to make them flow in a logical way. Profiles usually end in a reflective tone, in a cyclical way (tying up loose ends or referencing something that was foreshadowed earlier in the text), or with a quote from the subject. ReferencesMcHugh, S 2013, Introduction to Features, words notes distributed in JOUR202 at the University of Wollongong on 5 March 2013 McHugh, S 2013, Interviews and look Pt 1, Lecture notes distributed in JOUR202 at the University of Wollongong on 12 March 2013 McHugh, S 2013, P is for Profile, Lecture notes distributed in JOUR202 at the University of Wollongong on 19 March 2013 McHugh, S 2013, Interviews and Research Pt 2, Lecture notes dist ributed in JOUR202 at the University of Wollongong on 26 March 2013 McHugh, S 2013, Structure & Style, Lecture notes distributed in JOUR202 at the University of Wollongong on 2 April 2013 McHugh, S 2013, Observation description and detail, Lecture notes distributed in JOUR202 at the University of Wollongong on 9 April 2013 McHugh, S 2013, Ethics, Lecture notes distributed in JOUR202 at the University of Wollongong on 16 April 2013 McHugh, S 2013, I Know What I like reviewing the arts, Lecture notes distributed in JOUR202 at the University of Wollongong on 30 April 2013

Peel Memorial Hospital Case Analysis Essay

IntroductionPrior to the 1990s, generous government funding allowed Canadian health care facilities to provide excellent service and quality. In the earlyish 1990s, increasing health care costs have changed government funding, requiring providers to be more financially accountable. In the mid-1990s, hospitals and regional health authorities across Canada were downstairs siege from funding restraints, mergers and forced closures. At the same time, the healthcare industry was focused on delivering high-quality patient care and aligning the key stakeholders to the newly created good deal. To take and to survive, Peel Memorial Hospital (PMH) implemented the Balanced Scorecard public presentation management system and that is the focus of this case study. Also highlighted are the value of and the benefits to be gained when best practices from the corporate sector are successfully adapted to the health care environment.History and IssuesPeel Memorial Hospital (PMH) in Brampton Ontari o lacked measurable targets and jade Mission Statement that tried to be all things to all people (Harber, 1998). Internal surveys revealed that employees were unclear on the organizations strategic direction and the linkage of various programs and initiatives undertaken. In 1994, PMH embarked on a comprehensive Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) training program for all staff which was followed by a detonation of departmental and interdepartmental improvement initiatives. The hospital management looked closely at whether time, money and energy were being focused on the key clinical and byplay processes.Meanwhile, the hospital employees wanted to know how the evolving program management structure relates to PMHs move into a patient focused care model how these organizational developing initiatives tie in with PMHs move to shared governance models for nursing and the professional discipline and where the fit for CQI and new computer system were. Working with chase away Quality Services, PMH identified the match notice solution as a good fit for PMH and an effective vehicle to further evolve the organization. In 1995, PMH follow the balanced scorecard system to measure its performance.Performance Management System AnalysisThe use of balanced scorecard in hospitals as part of their performance management and strategic management system has increased substantially. These scorecards incorporated the concern of the hospitals stakeholders, focused on the hospitals processes, and included both financial and non-financial indicators for performance measurement. The balanced scorecard at PMH included six categories of business with 23 data elements that were the drivers of the performance results. At the center of the Integrated Management Model framework was the Patient and friendship Focus. The other five categories of business were Management Leadership, Human imagination Management, Patient Care Process Management, Quality Tools and Information Utilizatio n, and Performance Results, and their interrelationship was identified in the framework (Harber, 1998). The first year of implementation included objectives that identified the need for corporate measurement tools such as patient and staff/team ecstasy (Harber, 1998, p. 60).During year two of implementation, the Integrated Management Model was streamlined to reduce the data elements. By now, PMH had become more adept at managing and understanding the causative relationship between performance indicators and performance results. It had a good idea of which performance results help to drive performance results in other areas. Although the development of the balanced scorecard was a major undertaking and the development of performance measures a challenge, the implementation of balanced scorecard at Peel Memorial Hospital was a success as the blessedness level from patient go from 89 percent to 95 percent and the staff satisfaction survey participation rose from 33 percent to 75 pe rcent.Also, PMH achieved a better understanding of where to invest time and moneyin learning objectives and the ability to relate mission and vision statements to performance. It also enables PMH to become the lowest-cost provider in its peer group. The balanced scorecard provided PMH the ability to translate the hospitals strategic objectives into a coherent set apart of performance measures as well as to align the seemingly disparate elements with organizational objectives.ConclusionMello (2011) says that performance management systems can significantly impact organizational performance and process. The achievement of organizational goals requires a sensible balance between managerial commitment to the strategic interests of a business and to the human interests of its everyday motion at every level. The successful in health care management will depend on organizations and top executives balancing quality and customer satisfaction with adequate financing and long-range goals. Th e balanced scorecard not only provides a framework for establishing performance measurement goals but also incorporates continued quality improvement throughout the organization. Today, more and more Canadian hospitals have adopted balanced scorecard as their strategic management system.ReferencesMellow, J. A. (2011). Strategic Human Resource Management. Mason, OH South-Western Cengage Learning. Chapter 10, p. 438-454. Harber, B. W. (1998). The Balanced Scorecard Solution at Peel Memorial Hospital. Hospital Quarterly, p. 59-63.

Adult Influence in the Development of Self-awareness in Children Essay

An individual who has an knowingness of who he/she is as a person are said to be happier than those who mountt. Having a strong superstar of self enables us to make decisions about how we want to live our lives and pursue our dreams and ambitions. But how does one achieve self-awareness? Self-awareness is a life-long process, it is fundamentally being able to discover our individuality and come to terms with who we really are. The gear upment of self-awareness is non a one-man show rather our parents, teachers, peers and the media, constantly knead us.It is my belief that parents and teachers more than any other factor has the greatest influence in the development of our awareness. Thus, parents and teachers help and hinder the development of a frys self-awareness. leavens and teachers provide the guidance and nurturing that churlren need to develop their sense of self. On the other hand they can also hinder the childs quest for awareness if they insist that their child pop o ff what they could not be and to expect them to adopt their own worldviews.Read moreInfluences that affect childrens development es stateAn equalize amount of guidance and rootedness impart prove to be the best formula for a child to realize who they are as persons. Guiding children in their lives and nurturing their eudaemonia can help children develop their sense of self. When parents and teachers guide children in the decisions they make in their lives it teaches children that they are persons of worth who can make their own decisions. Franeck said that if his parents did not push him to look for a job and live on his own, he might sill be active with his parents and would have sustain a failure.This shows us that youthfulness adults need to be prodded and to be challenged to take that step to live their own lives. Without this gentle prodding they might just stay in the dug-out indefinitely similar the so called Importance of adults to a childs growth to awareness Page2 bo omerang kids who are well-educated young adults and are living at home because they are broke and underemployed (Franeck, ). Teachers also guide children in their own way. They can help children realize who they want to be in the future.Success and achievement contributes to the childs perception of who he/she is. When teachers tell their students that they are good at what they do, it builds their self-esteem and leads to increased awareness. Malcom X in his biography said that his teacher Mr. Ostrowski made him think about his future and what society had to offer him, which led to his awareness of his station in life and the desire to do something about it (The first major, ). Why do parents and teachers guidance and nurturance matter?Parents and teachers are the significant adults in every childrens lives thus, children see them as authority figures and what they say or do can leave lasting impressions in a childs psyche and therefore affects the way he/she thinks of himself/her self. In contrast, when parents perish too controlling and expect their children to espouse their own way of life and views without considering their childs individuality they hinder the development of self-awareness. Likewise, when teachers become judgmental and do not treat his/her students the same way, indeed he/she hampers self-awareness.Controlling parents are those who impose their own value systems to their children and expect them to behave accordingly. This hampers the development of self-awareness because children are not able to think for themselves, they are not allowed to explore and deal with their individuality. Children become a reflection or a puppet of their parents and they cannot be expected to become mentally healthy and fully functioning individuals. Caroline Hwang (1998) had battled with the anguish of Importance of adults to a childs growth to awareness Page3 kind her parents and pursuing her dreams because she knew that her parents had sacrificed a lot fo r her and she was undoubtedly indebted to them, she knew she owed them the fulfillment of her parents dreams for her. As an adult, she still has not been able to establish her own identity, is not sure of her future and has not had a real intimate relationship. In the same way, Emilyn Lats (1991) experience also portrays how parents can impede a childs growth of awareness. Lat had parents who did not want her to be Americanized, they dictated what she should and should not do with her social life.She grew alienated from her parents and looked to the government for help, but deplorably was frustrated. Her parents threw her out because she refused to be turned into someone she did not want to be. Emilyn realized that society views children as an extension of their parents and not a separate person, thus her increase awareness of her self was painful and traumatic instead of having a healthy sense of awareness of who she is as a person. Teachers who are judgmental also thwart a chil ds awareness of himself/herself.Teachers who do not treat their students equally especially if based on prejudice, perpetuate the culture of racial discrimination. To be able to have a sense of self, children should be able to believe in their selves their talents and abilities, when teachers tell them otherwise, it destroys them. Children come to think that they are not good enough, not smart enough to dream and aspire for something in the future. Consequently, when they grow up they become failures because they come to believe what their teachers told them.Then what are the best conditions for a childs healthy sense of self-awareness? I believe that an equal amount of nurturing, guidance and cultural awareness would be the best provisions Importance of adults to a childs growth to awareness Page4 for self-awareness. Children who are guided by their parents, who are acknowledged and given the opportunity to explore their individuality, will grow to have a healthy sense of who they are. In the same way, when children know their roots and their cultural heritage they are more able to become who they want to be.If Emilyn had the same parents like Carolines and she had the same tenacity and courage of Emilyn, then both of them would have become the best of what they can be. It is without a doubt that significant adults play a major role in our lives and in developing our sense of self. Parents who are supportive and nurturing communicate the idea that the child is valuable and worthy of such treatment. Parents should be able to raise children by giving them love, the kind of love that helps them develop a positive self-concept and a sense of their worth.Teachers who are responsive to their students also tell children that they are persons who have the capability to achieve their dreams. It is important for each one of us to be able to develop a positive sense of self-awareness for it will help us better understand why we feel what we feel and behave as we behave. This understanding then gives us the opportunity and freedom to change and create the lives that we want. If we do not have the awareness or clarity of our being we will continue to experience caught up in our internal dramas, irrational beliefs and negative perceptions of ourselves undermine the way we live our lives.The great Tao Tzu has this to say about self-awareness Knowing others is wisdom, knowing yourself is enlightenment.ReferencesFranek, Mark. Parents of twixters are at fault (publication details) Hwang, Caroline. The good daughter. Newsweek September 21, 1998 p16 Lat, Emelyn. Emancipated in American Families Images and Issues (publication details) pp 244- 246 (year) Malcom X. The first major turning point in appear Voices Readings in the American Experience (Publication details) pp 150-152 (year)