Interview Qaisra Shahraz

Aquaria Sahara visited many places in India and gave talks on her two books. Her trip was made possible by her Indian publishers Penguin. I chanced to read her work and I found It Interesting. Later my colleague and the co -editor of this book Professor A. R. Sidewalk suggested that we could Interest many people to contribute essays on the art and craft of Aquaria Sahara. The response simply overwhelmed us. In almost no time we received the consent of a great many colleagues in India and elsewhere in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Europe and the United States to write for this volume. Most of them have kept their word.We are indeed grateful to them for their interest. Out of so many post-colonial Indian and Pakistani writers writing In English, what, In your pollen. Is special about Salsa Sahara as a remarkable fiction writer? Of the postcolonial writers it is only Indian writers who hog all limelight. The Resides, the Gosh, the Despise. The fact is a lot of new and interesting writing is e merging from unlikely places. From Pakistan, from Bangladesh. And whatever be the mage of Pakistan in the media, Western and Indian, an interesting thing is that a lot of new writers are emerging from Pakistan.Most of this writing Is very political which Is not surprising since Pakistan faces problems which are essentially of political nature. However, there are some writers who focus attention on issues of a different nature. Aquaria Sahara is one such writer. She has charted a different territory. Issues of identity-rural, regional, gender -are her basic concerns. How has she contributed to the discourse on the gender Issue with specific reference o Pakistani society, especially in view of her being based in the UK/West?Most writers maintain their link with their country of origin. Pakistan never disappeared from Aquaria Ashram's imaginative space. As a woman who has lived her life In two countries her writing is only enriched by her experience. The diasporas Identity has Its own advantages. In her case It Is not lack of something but rather the an open eye. In her work she shows the limitations of both Western and non-western feminism. Does Aquaria Sahara typify the Feminist perspective? She goes farther than that. She redefines feminism for Pakistani society.Call it Islamic feminism, Muslim feminism or by whatever name she does not mindlessly indulge in Islam and Muslim bashing which is the motif in lots of ,what has been called, oppressed women's novels. Her target is rather the agrarian system, some oppressive customs in Kinds and the subversion of Islam to serve one's own interest. What is Aquaria Ashram's attitude to patriarchy which is rife in Pakistani Culture? She has a very critical view of some patriarchal institutions. Some of her characters are self-consciously feminist. Professor Night Sultana, for instance.Even Karri Banjo's supposedly meek capitulation to a patriarchal institution can be read as a criticism of patriarchy. In this instance she shows both the power and the evil nature of patriarchy. What are your comments on Aquaria Ashram's understanding and depiction of Pakistani village life and Islamic culture? For a person who has mostly lived in cities Aquaria Sahara shows remarkable understanding of rural life. The character of Kanji, Skull's and Amanita bib' and others are products of rural set-up. While reading her novels I was myself transported back in time and place.I was thinking of a woman in Titular,( my native place in Attar Pradesh) who passed invitations by word of mouth, fixed matches and spread gossip in her own inimitable ways. I was reminded of the institution of village match maker, a task which is now done on the net. The close- knit community, oppressive customs, force of gossip, the distrust of the corrupting ways of the city-?these are all beautifully captured by Sierra's narrative, especially in Typhoon. Sierra's language is very different from other Indo-Anglican writers like Rushed, Koran Ide as Iranian Ideas for instance.Could you elucidate? Of course it is different room what Rushed calls citified English. Others have Jokingly referred to the fortification of English. Aquaria has her own share of non English words because she is translating an entire culture. Words like Zeta and Kismet add a richness to English vocabulary. I especially liked the papacy style of Sahara in Typhoon. It is her choice of words and English structures which is responsible for the leisurely pace of the Holy Woman and the fast and furious pace of Typhoon – the contrast in the pace of the two books is so remarkable.How do you think this volume of Critical Essays on Aquaria Ashram's craft will intricate to literature and cultural studies? I must confess that the multiplicity of perspectives offered by the contributors has far exceeded my initial understanding of her work. The contributors have analyses her work from all critical angles possible-? pedagogical. The varied backgrounds of the contributors-?British, American, Arab, African, German, Indian and Pakistani-?add some more dimensions to the critical discourse on Sahara.What are some of the main conclusions of the critical scholarship on Aquaria Ashram's work. This is certainly not the final word on Aquaria Ashram's work. It is Just the beginning. Other critics, most certainly students of literature, can take this work forward and explore ideas treated by the contributors to this volume. Some critical opinion quotes on Aquaria Ashram's work. China Aquaria Sahara, a Pakistani-born English writer and scriptwriter, is such a wonderful story teller that readers can hardly put her stories down once they begin them.Reading her works is like starting a Journey with her unforgettable characters to Pakistan and gaining a deep insight into their lives, in particular the poignant lives of Pakistani women. Living in the I-J since she was 9 years old, but deeply rooted in her own Pakistani culture, she bridges the understand ing between the East and the West. More importantly, through her excellent novels The Holy Woman and Typhoon, she clarifies many Westerns' stereotypical misconceptions about the Islamic cultures. I hope that Ms.Ashram's fascinating works will soon be introduced into China so that they will reach an even wider readership and arouse the academic interest among Chinese academia, also in view of the fact that China also has a large population of Muslims. Tinting Going, Associate Professor of English, Southwest University of Science and Technology( Managing) and translator of Holy Woman and Typhoon, China Germany My reading of Aquaria Ashram's The Holy Woman and Typhoon offered me my first real insight into the lives of women in Pakistani villages and into the types of story which symbolism rural and urban society in that country.It was a revelation and I read both books back to back. The Holy Woman in particular has rightly attracted global attention through its non-partisan portrayal o f the ambivalent relationship teen Islamic culture and Western consciousness as seen through the eyes of a woman. It is a very significant book indeed and Aquaria Ashram's is a voice of mediation which should be more widely heard. Robert Scrimshaw, KulturwissenschaftlichesKolleg, University of Constant, Germany. India transmutable.The migrant imagination produces texts that cross geographic, national, ethnic, and even linguistic boundaries and make connections with the past and the present. Aquaria Sahara who describes herself as a British Muslim of Pakistani origin retains her sensitive understanding of Pakistani society and culture, ND in living away from it, benefits from the distancing perspective which enables her in her fiction to nuance characters, situations and events; negotiate with history and memory; Juxtapose and examine old traditions and new sensibilities.She weaves flavors of life and the sense of living into the texture of her writing. Each of her stories becomes a metaphor for complex exploration of identity formations and self- definitions. In her remarkable novels The Holy Woman and Typhoon and in her short stories, fictive imagination and historical inscription blend significantly to produce reared texts that invite deep engagement and innovative strategies of reading. Tune Musketeer, Professor of Comparative Literature, University of Hydrated, India.Indonesia As a citizen of a country with the biggest Muslim population in the world, I found Aquaria Ashram's works as an eye opener about the diversity of the world Muslims. And I think I am not alone in this opinion, since we witnessed how her two novels, The Holy Woman and Typhoon got a very good response from the Indonesian readers–that's why we plan to republish the two in a product line that we call Gold Edition (novels).I do think that the Indonesian readers got the same enlightenment, that even when we are united as Muslims, we might grow on a different soil of culture that very much influences our interpretation about Islam. And because of that, we need more and more constructive dialogue, not only between the Muslim world and the West (non Muslim world), but also between world-Muslims itself – to bridge differences to gain understanding between cultures. Mrs..Payments Innings, Chief Executive Officer, Mizzen Publishing House – Indonesia Morocco Aquaria Sahara is a voice of light whose piercing scream faces the dark continent of ultra blindness and patriarchal and ideological manipulation. Her feminist writings vehemently uncover the weight of the patriarchal order in an ideologically- biased Pakistani Islamic context, unveil the misuse of Islam in depriving women of their human and sexual rights and, consequently, invite a complex post-colonial and post-harem critical perspective on women's predicaments in the Arab-Islamic sphere as a whole.Ashram's feminist commitment calls for an urgent re-consideration of sexual politics and women's invo lvement in dismantling various areas of masculine animation and building up a modern and gender-democratic Muslim society. Hosannas Cirri, Professor, School of Humanities, Pakistan Aquaria Sahara is one of the most important category English fiction writer of Pakistani origin. Her fiction writing has created its own distinctive place by virtue of its quality and relevance to the contemporary issues.She has an extraordinary skill of raising some delicate and fundamental questions related to women issues in general and in particular about those women who are struggling to discover their individual identity in a polarize world. She presents some important aspects of the infiltration of values between different civilizations through her powerfully conceived characters. Though her characters and setting may represent a certain class or section but her themes overwhelmingly remain universal and humanism formulates the basic fiber of her fiction.Karma Charisma Squid, Editor (English), Paki stan Academy of Letters, Islamabad, Pakistan Turkey The works of Aquaria Sahara, Actual Caddy (The Holy Woman) and Tiffany (Typhoon), have attracted attention with their striking themes and contemporary topics in Turkey. When Ms. Sahara visited our country in 2005 for *Istanbul Book Fair, I got the hence to know her better. I saw that although writers, scientists or intellectuals from the East live in the West, they don't lose touch with their own culture.Aquaria Sahara is one of those intellectuals, who has the ability and experience to interpret the East truly. She is a writer who can deftly read the East while she lives in the West. In this respect, I can say that her novels are important examples to be analyzed academically. Since they were published in our country at a time when discussions were ongoing on the theme of the clash of civilizations, they have also been reliable ND useful sources of information for those who interpret the West differently from the East.We hope that Ms. Sahara, who deserves to be praised in terms of her literary insight, will go on writing books which will take their place among Eastern Classics books with their insightful themes. Burk Fuzzy kabuki, Chief Editor Para Publishing House, Istanbul, Turkey Aquaria Ashram's writing, which has delighted and inspired readers all over the world for the past two decades, is finally receiving the scholarly attention it deserves.This exciting new collection of articles surveys the diverse range of themes and issues treated in Ashram's work – feudalism and modernity; female sexuality, romance and divorce; religious faith and the wearing of the veil; the Pakistani homeland and its Diaspora – and pays tribute to the emotional depth and moral complexity of her gathered from across the globe -? will be of especial interest to non-Muslim readers wishing to understand more about the historical and political context of Ashram's work.Just as Aquaria Ashram's writing has touched the l ives of many thousands of general readers around the world, so will this collection most surely win her new fans within the academic community. Lynn Pearce, Professor of Literary Theory and Women's Writing, Lancaster University, I-J United States of America I was caught by the drama, the romance, the traditions, the shibboleths and the descriptions of town, village, house and home in her novels The Holy Woman and Typhoon.I could see so well the settings and characters Aquaria Sahara described so vividly. She let me into and behind the scenes so far from those in western homes but still of common human interest. I hope to read the further adventures of her protagonists! Ann Nicholson, Radio Host/Producer, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

Policing Rough Neighborhoods

The united States should be to police a rough neighborhood because there trying to stop another incident like 9/1 1 from happening. The U. S. Has to start policing a rough neighborhood because it will help The role the United States should take In the middle east and in the united States is that we need to police rough neighborhoods because the Taliban and AAA Qaeda are very effective in the middle east. Stop terrorist attack before they happen.A quote from an article named â€Å"options In brief† first entente, â€Å"The attack of September 1 lath and the aggressive dictatorship of the middle east prove that the world Is a dangerous place. † This quote shows the worlds a dangerous place and this Is why we need to police rough neighborhoods. Another example Is â€Å"The U. S. Cannot allow Afghanistan to become another Taliban run sanctuary for AAA Qaeda which could cause another 9/1 1 This quote Is saying the U. S. Doesn't want Afghanistan to become a place run by the Taliban because It could lead to another 9/11. Cause Its talking about how we need to make sure that we don't eve September 1 lath to happen again. The united States needs to start protecting the U. S. More because of terrorist. The united States role in the Middle East should be to police rough neighborhoods, we need to protect other countries because people shouldn't die for no reason. Like it says in the quote said by president john in the article â€Å"why we fight† â€Å"We seek neither territory nor bases. We fight for the principle of self determination. † I think this quote is saying that we don't want your land we want to help.The United States is the greatest force for good in the world and we have an obligation not to start and fight wars but to spread democracy and freedom through the world. † This quote is saying that America Is a good country and there trying to help not fight. These because it's showing that we're not trying to invade were trying t o help innocent people. U. S. Needs to help stop innocent people from dying in the Middle East. The United States role in the Middle East should be to police a rough neighborhood. I believe the u. s. Would take his into this is a big effect on both the United States Middle East and we need our neighborhoods policed. Innocent people are dying and we can not have another 9/1 1 happen again. We must be protected and not killed. Policing Rough Neighborhoods By governmental The United States should be to police a rough neighborhood because there trying to neighborhood because it will help The role the United States should take in the middle east and in the United States is that we need to police rough neighborhoods attack before they happen.A quote from an article named â€Å"options in brief† first middle east prove that the world is a dangerous place. † This quote shows the worlds a dangerous place and this is why we need to police rough neighborhoods. Another example is à ¢â‚¬Å"The U. S. Cannot allow Afghanistan to become another Taliban run sanctuary for AAA Qaeda which could cause another 9/1 1 . † This quote is saying the U. S. Doesn't want Afghanistan to become a place run by the Taliban because it could lead to another 9/11. Because its talking about how we need to make sure that we don't eve September 1 lath to happen again.The United States needs to start protecting The United States role in the Middle East president John in the article â€Å"why we fight† â€Å"We seek neither territory nor bases. We fight for the principle of self determination. † I think this quote is saying that we don't the world and we have an obligation not to start and fight wars but to spread democracy and freedom through the world. † This quote is saying that America is a good country and there trying to help not fight.

Fredrick Expression of Allegiance to the Declaration of Independence Essay

Fredrick Expression of Allegiance to the Declaration of Independence - Essay Example He had been invited to speak concerning what the Fourth of July signifies for America's black community, and although the initial part of the speech congratulates what the founding fathers accomplished for America, in general, the speech slowly graduates into a condemnation of the American society and the slavery. This is because he related to slavery for he was once a slave before he escaped. His uncertainty towards the American public and the independence depicts his allegiance to the idea, although he thinks it bleak for the black community. Douglass begins his speech by addressing the president and the fellow citizens in attendance. It is noteworthy that Douglass counts himself a citizen, at par with the rest of the spectators in the audience. All through this oration, including his life, Douglass exponents equal justice and rights, as well as nationality, for blacks. He begins his speech by modestly excusing for being panicky in front of the audience and makes an acknowledgment that the journey to freedom was a long one considering his trifle along the way. He addresses the listeners for the gathering, which was the Fourth of July, nevertheless prompts them on the idea of the nation young, and is capable to transform in the coming years. By this, he implies the country is still on the road to the establishment of a great country. He actually believes the independence was gained, however not for the black population that is still in dire need of freedom. Douglass conceives the independence was a good advance by the founding fathers; nevertheless, they still have to extend the freedom clause in actions and treatment of the black population.

Hemingway and McLain, A Critical Study Research Paper

Hemingway and McLain, A Critical Study - Research Paper Example The story unfolds as the flamboyant Brett and unfortunate Jakes journey from the wild nights in Paris to bullfighting rings of Spain with a miscellaneous group of expatriates. It defines the postwar age of moral bankruptcy, unrealized love, spiritual dissolution and vanishing illusions (Timeless Hemingway 1) ‘The Paris Wife’ by Paul McLain was published in 2011. The novel is a biographical fiction about Hemmingway’s first marriage to his wife Hadley. The author explores the time periods, cultures and the prominent artistic neighborhood that the couple lived in and how Hemmingway became a good writer (McLain 3). A Critical Study The two novels are connected in many ways. First Hemmingway in his novel revolves around characters Jake Barnes and his expatriate friends in Paris. They occasionally work but spend a lot of time partying, drinking and arguing. The author uses Jakes Perspective to bring out the cast of other characters in the story. Lady Brett Ashley is bro ught out as exciting, beautiful and unpredictable British divorcee. Another important character is Robert Cohn who weak, unlucky and even is unsuccessful as a writer (Boon, 18). McLean on the other hand views Hemmingway through Hadley’s eyes. The story opens in Paris before an extended flashback where Hadley recalls her early days in St. Louis, how she met Hemingway and their short courtship. The author shows their life in Paris from the humble beginning in the garret apartment to the notorious trip to Lausanne during which Hadley lost all of Hemmingway’s drafts of three years. Other trips that inspired Hemingway’s ‘The Sun also Rises’ include the Paris races, Skiing in Austria and bullfighting in Pamplona (Boon 19). The time frame in the two stories is similar where both are set in the post world war 1 period. The two novels depict an era of open relationships or marriages. In ‘The sun also rises’, McLain shows male artists Fond, Pound and eventually Hemmingway taking their mistresses to the same home as their wife. In Hemingway’s novel, Brett is separated from her husband and waiting divorce. She has affairs with a number of men but she does not want to commit to a relationship with any of them. Even though she loves Jake she is unwilling to give up sex in order to commit to him (Wagner 31). The two novels depict the aimlessness of the lost generation. The men and women who faced the war became psychologically and morally lost. In Hemmingway’s novel, Jake, Brett and their friends no longer believe in anything. Their lives are empty and the consequences are drinking, escapist activities such as dancing and debauchery. McLain brings out Hemingway and his friends lives to be similar. She refers to them as the fabled ‘lost generation’ that includes Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound and F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald. Despite the love that he shared with his wife, Hemingway grows costly and this be comes more challenging to Hadley (Burke 26). The characters are connected in a way. Hemingway uses Jake to show the effects of a young man’s life after war trying to put back the pieces together. Jake is wounded after war. Although he does not say so straightforwardly, there are several suggestions in the novel that show results of his injury; he lost the ability to have sex. In many ways he appears to fit in the â€Å"lost generation† group whose experiences in the world-war 1 undermines

Discovering Professional Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Discovering Professional Resources - Essay Example Amy Vogt maintains that in education there is no status quo, she bases her assessment on the past and present state of educational flux, she says, â€Å"There is no status quo. Education has been in a state of change for decades. We jeopardize our competitiveness not by failing to ‘accelerate’ or to ‘take bold steps’, but 4 by forgetting what we are actually good at: creativity, collaboration, entrepreneurship, innovation and creating global citizens. What we should be doing as we approach the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary School Act is focusing on children in poverty and how best to help them† (Vogt 2007) Association of Supervisors for Curriculum Development, has an IDEAS section in this publication which stresses the importance of everyone being on the same page. If not on the same page, then (figuratively) in the same building, which makes it easier to communicate ideas and gather consensus on matters which are either pressing on a local front, and can ultimately have regional or national implications. Roland S. Barth in his article â€Å"Improving Relationships Within the Schoolhouse†, offers the number one concept on team building, when he speaks to Adult interaction he offers, â€Å"In parallel play, educators work in isolation from one another. Adversarial relationships can involve open combat, the more subtle withholding of information, and competition for scarce resources and recognition... congenial relationships are personal and friendly, and lay the groundwork for the most exclusive and desirable relationships---collegiality.

People in Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

People in Religion - Essay Example Senior Tibetan monks receive information during meditation which helps them to track down the new Dalai Lama. They have an indication of who is going to be the next Dalai Lama and after verification through their secret set of criteria, they take him away. Familiarity with the same possessions of the previous Dalai Lama is considered a confirmation of the reincarnation. The reincarnation takes place a few years after the death of the previous Dalai Lama. A Dalai Lama has a short lease of life as a childhood before he is taken away from the family and plunged into endless ceremonies and an intensive education (Richardson, 1962). Dalai means ocean and Lama is the Sanskrit equivalent of Guru and hence Dalai Lama means a spiritual teacher (Wikipedia). The present Dalai Lama was educated in Lhasa in a 1000-room palace surrounded by doting monks who educated him in subjects like philosophy, medicine and metaphysics (NYTimes, 2007). Although the present Dalai Lama is defined by his Tibetan identity his roots were firmly anchored in reality (Chopra, 2001). He believes that all human beings have an equal right to happiness and freedom from suffering but money should not be a part of the definition of success and happiness (Dalailama, 2006). The world is undergoing transformation and the Dalai Lama emphasizes that one way of being diligent is to pursue knowledge. The freedom campaign that he is pursuing is based on non-violence. One must always maintain truth because that alone will fill a person with a sense of pride. Dalai Lama is an advocate of non-violence and believes the truth, courage and determination should be the weapons for liberation (CNN, 2001). Dalai Lama is considered the most skilled and successful of all religious leaders; he is tolerant and informed and can enchant anyone at the very first instance but he is intent upon forcibly subjecting the world to its law. Religion and history are not separated from one another in the Tibetan world view, nor

Importance of language in communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Importance of language in communication - Essay Example Language plays a main role in communication. To eliminate ethnic conflicts, it is important to understand the importance of language in communication. For me, communication does not only involve what we say, but also how we say it. Once, my mother hired a maid, who was from some other ethnic background. Although she understood English, and spoke a little too, we had to adjust our verbal, vocal, and body language, in order for her to understand what we told her to do. We had to choose words that she understood. We had to adjust the pitch, articulation, and resonance of our tone, which suited the level she was at. We also had to adopt some body language, like we had to use hand gestures for the maid to better understand what we said. This way, she understood us better, and we succeeded in overcoming the language barrier in communication. Tannen, Deborah. Sex, Lies and Conversation; Why Is It So Hard for Men and Women to Talk to Each Other? The Washington Post, 1990. Web. 11 Dec 2012.

Business in Context (N) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business in Context (N) - Essay Example The reason that matters underneath is the economic power shift from the leading western countries to the emerging eastern countries. The BRIC received its name from Goldman chief Jim O’Neil in 2001 and since then it has continuously been in the bull’s-eye category of economists in predicting future changes and suggesting remedies to the suffering economies. Most of the economists and analysts have already stated that by 2050, the BRIC economy especially China is going to be the biggest economy in the world (Economy Watch. 2010). This makes the reason for UK economy to consider the growth of BRIC economies and rethink its future perspective to face this global challenge. To work as a fuel to the matter, the GDP rate of UK was recorded to be $1.5, while on the context the GDP ratings for BRIC economies were standing at a height of $5.2, $4.3, $8.5 and $6.8 respectively in 2007 and is estimated to be $2.0 for UK, $3.1 for Brazil, $3.2 for Russia, $5.0 for India and $4.6 for China. Therefore it can be seen, in both the period’s figures are in favour of BRIC nations and certainly at a high volume compared to UK. As such, the concern regarding BRIC economies are quite justified (Hawksworth & Cookson, 2008). The world economic power for a long period of time had been concentrated upon three powerful economic regions i.e. USA, Japan and European Union. These three are recognised as Triad Region. The power of economy has with time been spread across the world and has transpired in the hands of the BRIC countries. The power shift of economies to be noted is not only affecting UK economy but it is also changing the prospects of other developed western economies like USA, Canada, and Australia. But the reason why only UK economy is under so much pressure is because of the fact that at the initial stage when all the other economies were on a mindset to enjoy the mounting opportunities served by these

Financial Strategy and planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Strategy and planning - Essay Example The decision to purchase or not to purchase rights shares ultimately rest upon the company's performance like an ordinary issue purchase decision. The likely impact of rights issue upon the market value of share, earnings per share and wealth of shareholders depend on the future prospectus of the issuing company. However, unless the company performs better, it is undisputedly say that nothing will gain by the shareholders out of rights issue. This type of financing is preferred when the company needs to fianc its expansion needs and at the same time it does not like to dilute its ownership. Unlike ordinary shares, this type of shares does not offer voting rights to the holders. Therefore, preference shareholders do not have any voice or say in the company's management. Therefore, it does not result in the dilution of ownership of ordinary shareholders. However, preference share holders are entitled to a fixed periodical dividend and the repayment of principal after a stipulated period of time. This may result in a situation where the company will be left with low distributable profit and thereby reduced earnings per share. This may ultimately lead to adversely affect the market value of ordinary shares. Loan stock is a kind of fixed income security. Loan stock is issued by a company against the loan granted by another. The holder gets fixed periodical return coined as interest and principal after the maturity period. Loans stock may be of two types, namely secured and unsecured. The secured loan stock is similar to an ordinary loan for which the borrower offers collateral to guarantee the repayment of the loan. But an unsecured loan does not have any kind of collateral with it. A secured loan stock, when an entity is issued is like debenture/bonds. The issue of loan

Evaluating the Company Situation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evaluating the Company Situation - Assignment Example The competitors of the company are Emirates, Etihad, and Qatar. The competitors today fly in more than a hundred destinations while Oman Air only flies to 43 destinations. As a result, Oman Air should focus on advertising and promotion to get more clients from different destinations. Emirates use the cost leadership strategy to outdo Oman Air; Etihad and Qatar use the differentiation strategy that is the strength to them. The weakness with the three competitors is that their services are very expensive compared to Oman Air (Porter, 2004). The entire Oman Air Company has established a very god international reputation based on the goods and services it offers its clients. Organization growth may be to the individual accomplishments of the company. The political environment of Oman Air home country is very conducive to enable it carries out business as usual. The government also favors the company since through the legal regulations it has reduced the taxes that the business is obligated to pay. The economic conditions are also good since the home country is stable economically which will enable the company to move forward and get more profits. They are also aware of how best they can help to ensure that the company achieves its set goals and objectives. Oman Air is an industry leader (Yudelson, 2009). Several sessions of communication have already been put in to help the company be in line with the laws of the country. In addition, strategies have been put forth to make sure that each employee is on companys progress, as well as new regimes. Further employees are informed about the expectations of the enterprise on the improvements of Technology so that it can remain relevant to the industry (Yudelson, 2009). The Oman Air company has a very high growth rate. It also has significant revenue and profitability 0f about $ 34,657, 876. It is also the domestic market leader. It has also been provided with a lot

My Journal Entry Week Essay Example for Free

My Journal Entry Week Essay â€Å"Well that’s what we did with my kids and they turned out just fine.† Is a phrase that I have heard plenty of times over the years. I tend to be a very honest person no matter the situation or consequences so I have ticked off a lot of people over the years and have lost many of friends for being such an honest opinions or advice. I have three handsome and polite little boys. Well at least most of the time. Over the years I have been approached by parents of their friends that they go to school with and were asked if my boy could stay the night with their boy. Now don’t get me wrong I love sleepovers when they are done at my house or it is at a house of responsible mature parents. My oldest son just became a teen ager. How exciting right? Yea right now he constantly wants to go and stay with friends. These friends that he has are rotten, mean and ignorant boys. I know that it is not their fault but, their parents fault for how they are raised. I also know these parents as well and know what kind of parents they are and how they live their lives. One of the fathers to the boys called me a while back and wanted my son to come and stay the night with his boy. Not only did he call me while he was intoxicated but he lets his son drink as well. I told him no. He asked me why I was being so difficult about my son staying over I decided just to be brutally honest with him. He actually said these same words. â€Å"Well that’s what we did with my kids and they turned out just fine.† He must have thought I did not have access to a television because a few weeks earlier his oldest son was on the evening news for being drunk and being involved in a stabbing. I most certainly do not think they turned out just fine. For a case that this saying may be true in some cases would be if the parent was talking about their child taking an extra class or volunteering at shelter of some kind. When I was fourteen my parents always had me work in the summer to earn my own money. Not only did it not bother my future any but, made it much better by teaching me responsibility. Why is it important to utilize problem-solving techniques in exploring developmental issues, grounded in child development theory to explain and/or demonstrate a foundational knowledge of the childrens developmental continuum, from conception? Because there are many questions that need to be answer starting from birth until old age. Does baby dream? To stress at an older age. If scientist investigate all these  questions to find answers you may discover how to keep a baby calm when nothing else seems to work to how to help an aging parent hoe to remember simple things such as where they left their eye glasses. What makes scholarly research different from anecdotal evidence (or personal experience) in explaining child and adolescent development? [Hint: Consider the methodology of the articles you are reading.] Anecdotal evidence is evidence that comes from anecdotes. Anecdotal evidence is known to be suspicious and is not to be relied on. Scholarly research is research that is done by scholars and professionals that can show evidence that can be relied on. Identify and briefly describe the key points of one theory and why you feel that theory is applicable to child and/or adolescent development. I agree with the Erik Erikson that conflict is the major concept of human development when it comes to establishing an identity in life. If a child does not deal with the conflicts they may not be able to establish their role in life as easily as others or maybe not at all. This leads to a lot of confusion. Finally, relate the value of continued learning with a concluding reflection on why we should incorporate both personal experience and scholarly research grounded in theory to help support any statements made in this class or any other professional setting. I think it is important to have any and all evidence no matter what it may be. The more research and life lesson we learn the better we will learn in the future by learning from school and past mistakes. Mossler, R.A. (2011). Child and adolescent development. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Endless Questions video About.com Psychology

African Americans in American Films Essay Example for Free

African Americans in American Films Essay Following the violent racism prevalent at the beginning of the turn of the twentieth century, African American cultural elites, struggling to articulate a positive identity for the black, developed a middle-class ideology of racial uplift. Insisting that they were truly the representative of the races potential, black elites espoused an ethos of service and self-help to the black masses and distinguished themselves from the black majority as the agents of civilization; hence they referred to it as the uplifting the race. A central assumption of racial uplift ideology was that African Americans moral progress and material would diminish the white racism.                  The ‘uplift’ of the black community referred to the struggle of African Americans living in the 19th and early 20th century to forge and maintain positive identity in the U.S. society that reduced their existence to that singularly alienating phrase â€Å"the Negro problem.† This is very demining and that’s why they had to fight. What historians refer to as racial uplift ideology describes a prominent response of black middle-class spokespersons, leaders and activists to the crisis marked by the assault on the political and civil rights of African Americans primarily in the united states’ South from roughly the 1880s to 1914. A generation earlier, the end of slavery and emancipation had fueled African Americans’ optimistic pursuit of education, economic independence and full citizenship, all crucial markers of freedom.                  Advocates of African American political and civil rights fought a lonely and tough struggle with few allies in a national climate of anti-black racism. White southern politicians and elite opinion leaders defended white supremacy and proclaimed the mental, moral and physical depravity and inferiority of blacks from the pulpit, press and university. The consensus was that blacks were unfit for citizenship of the U.S., and that neo- slavery, or the plantation slavery of menial labor and sharecropping, was the natural state of black people and that is where they belong. Guided by southern apologists for lynching, many whites, regardless of education or income, viewed the aspirations of black men and women through the warped lens of crude racial and sexual stereotypes that accused all blacks of immorality and criminality.                   Given the occurrence of such frightening representations of shades of black, Africa America management and community spokespersons, a growing, but portion of the whole Africa America population, were under constant pressure to defend the picture and honor of dark men and ladies. Black management in the North were much freer to engage in governmental demonstration and condemn national oppression in stronger conditions than those management in the southern part of, where governmental outspokenness could outcome in lynching or permanent exile. Obviously, then, dark management differed on strategies for dealing with â€Å"the Negro issue.† So-called â€Å"radicals† endorsed demonstration and frustration against lynching and disfranchisement, challenging complete citizenship rights; traditional management recommended accommodation, self-help, and the desire of property-ownership. The issue of what type to train and learning was best suited for s hades of black was a super rod of argument. Some management, in the southern part of the U.S., preferred commercial knowledge, which highlighted manual training for farming and skilled jobs. Other dark management reinforced college for Africa Individuals, to ensure the development of a management and professional category. With opportunities for knowledge of any type restricted by the white-colored South’s anger, and with the preference of northern white-controlled philanthropy for commercial knowledge, what were basically complementary forms to train and learning became a source of intense issue.                  Despite these governmental variations, dark management generally countered anti-black generalizations by focusing category variations among shades of black, and their essential role as competition management. From their perspective, to â€Å"uplift the race† featuring their function as elites to change the character and manage the behavior of the dark community. Against persistent statements of dark immorality and pathology, knowledgeable shades of black battled a battle over the representation of their people, a strategy with uncertain effects and results. They knew as themselves as a â€Å"better class† of shades of black, and required identification of their respectability, and blessed position as providers of European improvement and society. But in doing so, they brought in a state policies of internal category department (See also panel 53 in Edward Lawrence’s The Migration of the Negro.) that often seemed to internalize popular thoughts of dark social depravity and backwardness even as they desired to battle racial discrimination. In other words, this method of opposing racial discrimination tacitly echoed popular ideas of category and sex structure. Their view that community improvement for shades of black was preferably calculated in patriarchal conditions of male-headed families and homes created stress between knowledgeable men and ladies. Such objectives of women deference to men authority and management were challenged by many knowledgeable dark females, such as Old Julia Cooper and the anti-lynching capitalist and reporter, Ida B. Bore holes.                   This version of national uplift philosophy as an anti-racist argument employed by knowledgeable shades of black is best understood as a complicated, varied and sometimes defective reaction to a situation in which the range of governmental options for Africa America management was restricted by the aggressive and persistent racial discrimination of the post-Reconstruction U. S. Declares. By reinforcing their respectability through the moralistic over stated claims of â€Å"uplifting the competition,† and suggesting the ethical guidance of the dark community, Africa America middle-class management and spokespersons were marginalizing the idea of uplift in its more democratic and inclusive sense of combined community progression and requirements for equivalent privileges. Many dark spokespersons desired to resolve this tension between personal and team position by insisting that personal success helped the whole competition. However, many Africa Amer ica men and ladies considered the over stated claims of uplift as a call to community support. They introduced values of self-help and support to the team in building educational, reformist community gospel chapels, social and fraternal organizations, settlement houses, magazines, trade labor unions, and other community institutions whose beneficial community impact surpassed the ideological limitations of uplift.                     In the last decade, movie students have focused an increasing amount of crucial attention on Oscar Micheauxs 1920 silent movie Within Our Gateways as an essential Africa America reaction to D. W. Griffiths infamously improper movie, The Beginning of a Country (1915). Oscar Micheauxs milestone movie offered a rebuttal to Griffiths interpretation of dark assault and crime with a story of the injustices faced by Africa Individuals in a improper community. While Griffiths movie symbolizes dark men attacks on white-colored women cleanliness, Micheauxs movie sets the historical record straight with its interpretation of the attempted sexual attack of a dark woman by a white-colored man. But the national reversals in the plot of the movie are not the only difficulties that Within Our Gateways presents to Griffiths movie.                      Within Our Gateways also surfaces The Beginning of a Country in the state policies of its appearance, specifically in its very different use of similar modifying. Griffiths movie uses crosscutting to existing a very simple resistance between white-colored virtue and dark villainy; in contrast, Micheauxs movie uses a complicated modifying pattern to existing a larger community vision of many different, competing governmental roles within both white-colored and Africa America community. The complicated design of Micheauxs modifying is efficient in making up a viewer who is more politically crucial than the viewer constructed by the traditional The show biz industry design of Griffiths movie. Series in Micheauxs movie crosscut among five or six different locations and twice as many characters; consequently, Micheauxs movie requirements an engaged and innovative viewer to identify inconsistent and contrary community and governmental statements about the power structure of competition relations in the U. s. Declares.                     The Negro Knight is a 1944 documented created by the U. s. Declares Military during World War II.[1] The movie was created by Honest Capra as a follow up to his successful movie series Why We Fight. The army used this movie as a means of propaganda to persuade Africa Individuals to solicit in the army and battle in the war. A lot of people regarded the movie very highly, some going as far to say that The Negro Knight was one of the finest factors that ever happened to America.[2] Due to both high reviews and great cinematography, The Negro Knight proved to be a large movie that affected army members and citizens of all competitions.                  The Negro Knight affected later Africa America movies and its viewers in different ways. The movie performed a considerable part in changing the types of roles that Africa Individuals received in following movies. For example, instead of showing shades of black only as slaves or sub servants, this movie showed Africa Individuals as lawyers, artists, athletes, and other valued careers. In different movies during this time frame, Africa Individuals were often represented as comical figures. However, after The Negro Knight, Africa Individuals performed more decent and popular roles in movies.                     Furthermore, people came to realize how essential and significant a tool, movies were for telecommuting saves gas. Messages within movies, if indicated the correct way, could influence viewers greatly. The message within The Negro Knight hard the notion and offered visual proof those national equal rights was a validated idea and should be approved. Africa Individuals around the country were very pleased with this movie.                         In both movies, the meaning of uplift was extremely competitive even among those who shared it is designed. Ultimately, top level ideas of the philosophy retreated from more democratic thoughts of uplift as community progression, leaving a heritage that becomes smaller the Americans’ ideas of privileges, citizenship, and community justice. One of the significant limits of national uplift philosophy was that the attempt to restore the picture of dark people through category differences trafficked in statements of national and sex structure. The appeal implied in national uplift philosophy for the identification of dark elites’ capacity for citizenship had overshadowed post-emancipation justifications by shades of black and white wines that posited inalienable privileges as the foundation for dark men citizenship, financial privileges, equivalent protection, and team power.                  The dark top level made uplift the foundation for a racial top level identification declaring Negro improvement through category stratification as competition improvement, which required an associated idea of bourgeois certification for bigger roles in the movie industry, among other factors. Elites basically approved the conditions of the debate, recognizing that some are more deserving than others are. Instead of competition, though, they suggested that it was acculturation and display of western culture and knowledge. References Capra, F., Moss, C., United States., United States. (1994).  The Negro soldier. Hollywood, CA: Craven Home Video. Hitchcock, A., Macgowan, K., Swerling, J., Steinbeck, J., Bankhead, T., Bendix, W. Slezak, W. Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment, Inc. (2005).  Lifeboat. Beverly Hills, Calif: 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. Micheaux, O. (1994).  The conquest: The story of a Negro pioneer. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Micheaux, O., Thomas, P. A., Cram, B., Bowser, P., Taylor, C., Johnson, B., Northern Light Productions. PBS Video. (1994).  Midnight ramble: Oscar Micheaux and the story of race movies. Alexandria, VA: PBS Video. Source document

Management of Health and Social Care Financial Issues

Management of Health and Social Care Financial Issues Explain how financial shortfalls can be managed. If a health and social care organisation faces financial shortfalls I could handle the situation by; Cash flow: In the effectiveness management of the cash flow process we can sell some assets that are not in use so that the organisation can get some cash in order to run the business. The organisation could also take out a loan to cover the financial shortfall but this will need to be paid back with some percentage of interest which will put the organisation or care home in more debt so the organisation should be working effectively on the Controlling cost,Spreadsheet, Training, Alternative funding, Reserve fund and Prioritising expenses, etc Ladybird care home can also rise the cost of the services offered to service users and use the profit against the financial shortfall but in this case the company may lose the number of service users taking the services as they can get a lower cost service elsewhere. The organisation can also put any projects on hold for time being and use that money in the financial shortfall to cover some amount of debt, once the financial problems have been sorted then they can run the project again. Ladybird care home can cover some part of the shortfalls in alternative ways other than taking out a loan and falling into more financial shortfall in future by holding a (charity fundraising events, donation, grants from government or other companies working in partnership) with Ladybird care home. As a health and social care professional and having knowledge on financial management department I can look into the system and see where the money has gone into and analyse the shortfall and accordingly f ixing the various target areas of expenditures. We can also keep a track of the system and prevent any future financial shortfalls. 3.2 Explain the actions to be taken in the event of suspected fraud. All allegations of fraud must be investigated. Where appropriate the police must be informed. Actions must be taken where fraud is proved. The risk of fraud must be regularly reviewed as part of managers overall assessment of business risk. Steps that managers must take are; the managers role is to Identify the risk areas in the healthcare organisation and allocate responsibility for the risk. The manager has to deal with any risk that may rise and identify controls that would improve the way in which the risk is being managed, because the manager has to make sure the employees are not at any risk during working hours. The manager at the health care organisation has a duty to implement the revised controls and evaluate the effectiveness of the controls to prevent from future risk of fraud taking in place. All the staff members at workplace must report any suspect of fraud to their line manager but they must not take any actions as they may put themselves at risk. Staffs have also a role to be taking in place when a risk of fraud rises, they need to report it immediately but also should avoid putting themselves in danger. Staff must: Staff should make an immediate note of their concerns and let some know their suspicions. This person must be with the appropriate authority and should have the experience to deal with the situation. Staff must also take anonymous letters seriously. This is because a whistleblower may not want their identify to be disclosed. Staff must not: Do nothing. Be afraid of raising any concerns. Approach or accuse any individuals directly. Try to investigate the matter themselves. Convey suspicions to anyone other than those with the proper authority. Handle documentary evidence more than necessary. The next stage is audit and corporate assurance fraud team; they will carry out investigations into allegations of fraud and will provide advice and guidance to line manager on how to deal with this type of situation when raised. The audit team will make announced visits to check on the areas where there is a high risk of frau; by raising fraud awareness at team meeting, conferences and presentations. The investigation will be carried out using analysis tools to interrogate corporate data to identify indicators of possible fraud. 3.3 Evaluate budget monitoring arrangements in a health and social care organisation. In every organisations there is a way of monitoring budgets but have their own systems of arranging information to process it. In Health Care Tech PLC, the financial manager doesnt have any formal qualification in the finance sector but he has years of experience in managing care home budgets and his also good with keeping cashflow statement on a spreadsheet. NMS is a network management system, it is a set of hardware and software tool that allows IT professionals to supervise the individual components of a network within a larger network management framework. Reference   www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/offenders/psipso/pso/PSO_1310_anti_fraud_strategy.doc www.hse.ie/eng/staff/resources/hrppg/fraud_policy.pdf The role of budgets in organisations facing strategic change: an exploratory study. (Margaret A. Abernethy, Peter Brownell)

Medusa Essay -- History Historical Medusa Papers Goddess

Medusa Medusa means "sovereign female wisdom." In Sanskrit it's Medha. Medusa was originally a Libyan Goddess, worshiped by The Amazons as their Serpent-Goddess. She was considered the destroyer aspect of the Great Triple Goddess also called Neith, Anath, Athene or Ath-enna in North Africa and Athana in 1400. BC Minoan Crete. She can also be connected to Africa where she had a hidden, dangerous face, and her hair was represented as resembling dread locks. Libyan Amazons believed that no one could possibly lift her veil, and that to look upon her face was to glimpse one's own death as she saw yours. She was imported into Greece as one of the Gorgons, daughters of Phorcys and his sister Ceto. She was the oldest and only mortal of three sisters; the other two being Stheno, and Euryale. They were symbols of terror, their faces were so terrifying that anyone who looked directly at them turned to stone. The Gorgons had another three sisters, the Graeae(Aged Ones) personification of old age; their hair was gray from birth; they had only one tooth, and one eye, which they were forced to share among themselves. They were the only ones who knew the way to the Gorgons. Various myths exist to explaining the terrifying aspect of Medusa. The most famous and widely know is the one related to Athena. "She had once been a maiden whose hair was her chief glory, but as she dared to vie in beauty with Minerva, the goddess deprived her of her charms and changed her ringlets into hissing serpents. She became a monster of so frightful an aspect that no living thing could behold her without being turned into stone"(Gayley 208). Jean Lang describes this transformation as follows: "Every lock of her golden hair had been chan... ... grows hard in contact with air, and what in the sea was flexible becomes stone out of the water"(Morford and Lenardon, 416). Medusa is mentioned and various ancient sources like Ovid Metamorphoses, also in the Homeric Hymns like The Theogony for example. Bibliography: Hesiod Homeric Hymns Epic Cycle Homerica. Trans. Hugh G. Evelyn-White. Massachusetts: Harvard UP, 1995. Ovid Metamorphoses. Trans. A.D. Melville. New York: Oxford UP, 1986. Rosenberg, Donna. World Mythology: An Anthology of the Great Myths and Epics. Illinois: NTC Publishing Group, 1995. Lang, Jean. A Book of Myths. London: T. C. & E. C. Jack, Ltd, 1914. Gayley, Charles Mills. The Classic Myths: In English Literature and in Art. Boston: The Athenzum Press, 1911. Morford, Mark P.O. and Robert J. Lenardon. Classical Mythology: Fifth Edition. Longman: Publishers USA, 1995.

Mary Tudor (Bloody Mary): The True Story Essay -- Mary Tudor, Bloody M

â€Å"She was a king’s daughter, she was a king’s sister, she was a king’s wife, she was a queen, and by the same title a king also† # Mary Tudor was an influential women of her time period. Many in modern society know her for her particularly bad reputation as Bloody Mary, however they do not realize the contributions she made, or her influence on history . The story behind Mary’s reputation gives insight as to her true accomplishments as England’s first queen. When Mary Tudor was born on February 18, 1516, she was the only child that King Henry VIII and his wife Catherine of Aragon had successfully conceived together. She was widely celebrated and raised well in the kingdom. She was well-educated and privileged. However, her father wanted a male heir to inherit his throne and Mary’s mother couldn’t produce an heir. King Henry tried to divorce Katherine, but the Catholic church was not granting his request due to their relation to the queen. He went to a Protestant church and received the divorce he wanted from Mary’s mother in 1533. This divorce caused Mary to hate the Protestant religion, she did not even accept the fact her parents were divorced. Mary’s father got remarried to a women named Anne Boleyn and was excommunicated from the Catholic Church. Anne also became pregnant and had a baby girl named Elizabeth that Mary had to take care of. In 1534, the Act of Supremacy was passed, and Mary was no longer considered an heir to the throne. However two years later Mary’s father had married a new wife named Jane Seymore. Jane wanted King Henry VIII to reunite with his children. Mary did reconcile with her father and was chosen to be the godmother of Jane’s newborn son Edward. This reconciliation with her father put her next in ... ...ary was a Queen that ruled with an intellect many did not believe women were capable of. She worked hard and kept the throne and reached her goal of starting to restore the Catholic faith. Though Mary had a tragic life she was a great Queen who kept her country in mind and worked closely with the government to keep it safe. Without Mary’s reign the English monarchy may be completely different than what it is today. Works Cited Eakins, Lara E. "Mary I." TudorHistory.org. 7 Sept. 2007. Web. 17 Mar. 2011. http://www.tudorhistory.org/mary/. N.A. "Mary Tudor - Bloody Mary." ELIZABETHAN ERA. Web. 17 Mar. 2011. http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/mary-tudor-bloody-mary.htm. Whitelock, Anna. Mary Tudor: Princess, Bastard, Queen. New York: Random House, 2009. Print. "Wyatt's Rebellion." Encyclopedia of World History. New York: Facts On File, 2000. 263. Print.

Chivalry :: essays research papers

When Chivalry first began, many citizens felt this was mostly for the courtship of women. However, this also included such things as proper etiquette at the dinner table, generosity toward females, and the aspect of religion to the church. Becoming a knight was not an easy task at all. The whole process was more of an apprenticeship program like in today’s society. First, at about the age of seven, you were to go to the house of a noble and be their squire. Throughout this period, the young man would gain wisdom as well as skills he would need to develop in battle to become a successful knight. The boy would continue being a squire until he had mastered the use of weaponry and horsemanship and was then recognized by a knight. Then the young man would be "dubbed" a knight. Later in the Thirteenth Century, the process of becoming a knight became more ceremonialized, as we know of in our society from movies and such. The same process used in Medieval times was adopted and "modernized" for today’s workplace. For instance, the new employee is hired, then he learns his/her job. Once he/she is recognized for good work he/she is promoted to a higher level job. Another expectation the knights had to perform was to protect and uphold justice. This meant protecting the poor and innocent people of the land while proclaiming the ideals of Christianity at the same time. This concept originated in France and Spain, and spread throughout Europe very rapidly. The chief chivalric virtues were piety, honor, valor, courtesy, chastity, and loyalty. The knight was to be loyal to god, who was the main love of his life. Their idea of love in this case was different then ours. Their love to God was strictly platonic.

Unwritten Law in Malaysia

Unwritten laws are laws that are not enacted and not found in any constitution. It comprises of English law (Common Law and Equity), judicial decisions and customs. Common Law is a major part of many States, especially Commonwealth countries. It is mainly made up of non –statutory laws, which are the precedents derived from judgments given on real cases by judges. Law of Equity resolves disputes between persons by referring top principles of fairness, equality and justness. In these cases,nothing was done against the law by the parties to dispute, but their rights are in conflict.Thus, it is different from law,both the Statutory Law enacted by Parliament and State Legislatives and Common Law which consists of precedents and opinions given on real cases by judges. In situations where there is no law governing a particular circumstance, Malaysian case law may apply. If there is no Malaysian case law, English case law can be applied. There are instances where Australian, Indian,a nd Singaporean cases are used as persuasive authorities. Section 3(1)(a) Civil Law Act 1956 states that courts in Peninsular Malaysia should apply Common Law and the Law of Equity as administered in England on 7th April1956.Section 3(1)(b) and Section 3(1)(c) of Civil Law Act 1956 states that courts in Sabah and Sarawak should apply common law and law of equity together with the statutes of general application as administered in England on 1st December 1951 and 12th December 1949 accordingly. But it is not stated that the Common Law and Law of Equity in Malaysia should remain unmodified and follow the same law as administered in England. Common law and law of equity in Malaysia should be developed and amended according to the local needs. In addition, these two laws should also take into account of changes in these laws in England.However, Malaysian government can set their own scope for the amended or repealed Common Law and Law of Equity in Malaysia. In the case, Commonwealth of A ustralia v. Midford (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. , it was held that the doctrine of sovereign or crown immunity which was developed in English Common Law after 1956 should apply in Malaysia. It was said that any developments in English Common Law after 1956 should apply in Malaysia. In the case,Smith Kline & French Laboratories Ltd. v. Salim (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. ,It was held that the courts have the authority to put aside any Common Law or Law of Equity which cannot be applied in Malaysia. In the case,Jamil bin Harun v. Yang Kamsiah & Another,It was decided that courts have the authority to decide whether to follow English Law (common law and law of equity) or Federal law, considering the circumstances and the scope the written law permits to do so. In the case,Karpal Singh v. Public Prosecutor,It was held that the criminal offences in Malaysia were provided by Criminal Procedure Code of Malaysia and therefore, there is no allowance for English law to apply. There are certain boundaries as to the application of Common Law and Law of Equity in Malaysia.Common law can apply in the absence of local legislation. Local law is regarded highly that the English law. The English law is only meant to fill in the lacuna, in which the local legislation is not present. Only the relevant part which is suited to the local needs and circumstances applies. Malaysia is made up of different races, each possessing their own customs, different from English law. The entire importation of En glish law means that the sovereignty of loca. The case law related to the boundaries of applicationis,Syarikat Batu Sinar Sdn.Bhd. v. UMBC Finance Bhd. In this case, problem of double financing occurred when first purchaser’s (UMBC Finance Bhd. ) indorsement of ownership claim was not included in the registration cardof vehicle. UMBC tried to repossess the vehicle. The plaintiff sued UMBC, claiming that defendants were notentitled to the vehicle. It was held that the English law requires the indorsement of ownership claim in registration card, but the law in Peninsular Malaysia does not really require the indorsement to be attached with the registration card of vehicle.The law regarding the indorsement of ownership claims in Malaysia which applies to the local circumstanceshas to be distinguished from the English law race is affected. Two components of English law are English commercial law and English land law. English Commercial Law is provided by the section 5(1)and sectio n 5(2) of Civil Law Act 1956. The principles of English commercial law apply in Peninsular Malaysia except Penang and Malacca in absence of local legislations– Section 5(1).This includes laws regarding partnership,banking, principals and agents, life and insurance and soon. There is no entire dependence on English commercial law as only certain principles apply and many local statutes have been inserted to the English Commercial Law. English Commercial Law applies in Penang,Malacca, Sabah and Sarawak as the law administered in these states will be the same as law administered in England, in the like case at corresponding period – Section 5(2). These states are still dependant on the English Commercial Law. In the case,Koon Thean Soong v.Tan Eng Nam,it was held that English law of partnership was inapplicable as there is a local statute governing the partnership in Malaysia, which is Contract(Malay State) Ordinance. As for the English Land Law, none of the English Land Law concerning the tenure, conveyance,assurance of or succession to any estate, right or interest there in applies in Malaysia. In Malaysia,National Land Code is the law that governs the land matters and there is no any allowance for English land law, unless the National land code applies it for the judicial comity.The case related is United Malayan Banking Coperation Bhd &Another v. Pemungut Hasil Tanah, Kota Tinggi. In this case, Johor State Authority transferred land to a proprietor with certain conditions and annual rent as consideration. The rent and penaltieson arrear payments were not settled. Johor State Authority served anotice to forfeiture the land as the right of consequence of the offence. The appellant, Johor State Authority and the proprietor,appealed and they were granted relief against forfeiture. Collector of Land revenue appealed to federal court and the appellants appealed to Privy Council.It was held that English land law concerning the relief against forfeiture is inapplicable in Malaysia. Relief against forfeiture means that order for forfeiture is cancelled and it was provided by Malaysian National Land Code. Judicial decisions are based on ‘doctrine of binding precedent’. Precedents are the decisions made by judges previously in similar circumstances. There are two types of precedents. Mandatory precedent is applied when the decisions of superior court are binding on lower courts or the superior courts are bound by their own decisions previously. Related essay: â€Å"Disadvantages of Foreign Workers in Malaysia†However, the decisions of lower courts are not binding over superior courts. The lower courts must refer to the mandatory precedents of superior courts. However, judge of superior court will distinguish a case before him and the cases laying down the precedents and can decide not to follow the mandatory precedent if he thinks that the mandatory precedent is not related to the case before him. From this, an original precedent is formed. Persuasive precedent is a precedent which is useful or relevant to a case. It is not mandatory for the judges to apply persuasive precedent.Persuasive precedent may be binding on lower courts if judges of superior court choose to apply persuasive precedent. Customs are another important source of unwritten law. Customs are inherited from one generation to another generation. Every race hasits own customs. Chinese and Hindus customs are governed by Chinese and Hindu Customary Law. Natives in Sabah and Sarawak have their own customary law which relates to the land and family matters. ‘Adat’ applies to malays. There are two types of Adat; Adat Perpatih and Adat Temenggung. Adat Perpatih applies in Negeri Sembilan and Naning in Malacca.The unique characteristic of Adat Perpatih is matrilineal form of organization. It concerns with matters such as land tenure, lineage, inheritance and election of members of lembaga and YDP. Matrilineal is a system in which one belongs to mother's lineage;it generally involves the inheritance of property,names or titles from mother to daughters. Adat Temenggung applies in other states. It is based on the characteristic of patrilineal form of organization. Patrilineal is a system in which one belongs to father's lineage; it generally involves the inheritance of property,names or titles from father to sons.After the establishment of Law Reform(Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976, the family law has been given enforcement on matters of marriage, divorce and inheritance. As a result,the Chinese and Hindu Customary Laws have lost its effect as an important source of unwritten law in Malaysia. Islamic law, which is only applicable to Muslims, isenacted under the Federal Constitution. The statelegislatures have the power and are permitted to make Islamic laws pertaining to persons professing the Islamreligion. Such laws are administered by separate courtsystem, Syariah Courts.State legislature also has the jurisdiction over the constitution, organization and procedures of Syariah Courts. Now, Islamic laws are increasingly applied in banking and land laws other than applied to family matters and estate matters. The YDPA is the head of Islam in his home state,Penang, Malacca, Sabah, Sarawak and Federal Territories. The head of Islam of other States is Sultan. Sections 3 and 5 of the Civil Law Act allows for the application of English common law, equity rules, and statutes in Malaysian civil cases where no spe cific laws have been made.In 2007, the then Chief Justice of Malaysia,Tan Sri Ahmad Fairuz Abdul Halim questioned to need toresort to the English common law despite Malaysia having already been independent for 50 years and proposed to replace it with Islamic law jurisprudence orsharia law. The Federal Court of Malaysia is the highest judicial authority and the final court of appeal in Malaysia. The country,although federally constituted, has a single-structured judicial system consisting of two parts – the superior courts and the subordinate courts.The subordinate courts are the Magistrate Courts and the Sessions Courts whilst the superior courts are the two High Courts of co-ordinate jurisdiction and status,one for Peninsular Malaysia and the other for the States of Sabah and Sarawak, the Court of Appeal and the Federal Court. The Federal Court, earlier known as the Supreme Court and renamed the Federal Court vide Act A885 effective from June 24, 1994, stands at the apex of this pyramid. Before January 1, 1985, the Federal Court was the highest court in the country but its decisions were further appealable to the Privy Council in London.However on January 1, 1978, Privy Council appeals in criminal and constitutional matters were abolished and on January 1,1985, all other appeals i. e. civil appeals except those filed before that date were abolished. The setting up of the Courtof Appeal on June 24, 1994 after the Federal Constitution was amended vide Act A885 provides litigants one more opportunity to appeal. Alternatively it can be said that the right of appeal to the Privy Council is restored, albeit in the form of the Federal Court. Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy, nominally headed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (â€Å"paramountruler†), customarily referred to as the king.Kings are elected for 5-year terms from among the nine sultans ofthe peninsular Malaysian states. The king also is the leader of the Islamic faith in Malaysia. Executive power is vested in the cabinet led by the Prime Minister; the Malaysian constitution stipulates that the prime minister must be a member of the lower house of parliament who, in the opinion of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong,commands a majority in parliament. The cabinet is chosen from among members of both houses of parliament and is responsible to that body.

Organizational Culture Essay

This essay/ designation is a solution paper on Organizational finis. It reviews the Hofstede Model and Schein Model as well as tries to understand the the kinetics which influences the occupational burnishs. This is a sample paper. The commentary of finishing remains quite indistinct with researchers assessing it utilising different methodologies. The ballpark understanding of cultivation is a air of doing things, or the norm by which a society organizes its tasks. However, the nomenclature t final stages to be classified more intelligibly when looked upon in the reflexion of faces and their systems of performing actions. devil of the most prominent researchers on this aspect of arrangemental behavior are Geert Hofstede and Edgar Schein. each(prenominal) has presented the concept of organisational socialization use a paradigm based on the value and thinking exhibited by the workers of an organization, except has assessed different directs of adaptation and inte gration that bring together this aspect of assimilation.According to Hofstede, culture is the collective programming of the human mind that distinguishes the members of matchless group from an separate. Culture in this hotshot is a system of collectively held values. On the other hand, Schein has taken a slightly different approach and states culture is the deeper take of staple fibre assumptions and be breathefs that are shared out by members of an organization that operate unconsciously and define in a basic taken for granted fashion an organizations view of its self and its milieu. The common notion among researchers is that every organization exhibits certain values and norms in the business organization environment and a gild pull up stakes likely end up represent two things organisational culture and incarnate culture. The former is based on what the company is, while the latter principle is an bod of the vision and character of the company, making up what a com pany has.Both Schein and Hofstede showed similarities in their presentation of the concept of organizational culture by applying a focus on the mental assumptions that shape the ideology of culture and give rise to the norms and values that end up universe regarded as the basal character of an organization. However, the anthropological approach adopted by them towards organizational culture varied greatly. Hofstede favoured the etic or dimensional approach, where the description of behaviour is very neutral and can be employ to various cultures. A get a line reasoning for this is the linkage he presented surrounded by the discipline cultureprevalent in the business environment that an organization operates in, and its resulting effect on the shaping of the norms that are applied by the organization itself. On the other hand, Schein looked upon organizational behaviour with an emic approach, describing the dimensions that affected companies by viewing it from the aspect of a mortal within the culture.Hofstede undertook an extensive research crop within IBM, to understand the behaviour it and its employees exhibited crossways the many offices it had in the world. His ideology was that organizational behaviour was greatly influenced by national and regional cultural groupings. The conclusion from the research conducted allowed Hofstede to present five characteristics of culture that he believed were exhibited by organizations in one way or form across the world. These include power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity vs. femininity, commodious vs. short term orientation, and individualism vs. collectivism. Scheins organizational manakin looked at culture from the standpoint of an observer and presented three levels to run the complex workings involved in a company. At the first level were the observable artefacts, pointing to those attributes which could be seen, heard or felt by the observer.The second level was the exposed values, which referred to the professed culture of the organization by its members. At the third level lie tacit assumptions, which are made up of the unseen elements of culture of an organization that scram the unspoken rules of the company. While Hofstedes vex of organization culture relies on the tried and tested ideology of cultural theorists by underlying the determination of culture in an organization from core values and assumptions of a given national culture, Scheins model brings about more functionality to the subject neighborhood by delving into a deeper understanding of the factors that influenced the exhibited culture in the organization.Hofstedes IBM study authentic linkages between personality and culture, by relating to individuals as components of societies, and organizations a resultant of both. Schein presented the notion of attainment as a part of the organizational culture, and one of the building blocks that courted different operators in its assimilation and establishm ent. In both models, the common factor remains the individuals who form the organization, and in many ways are responsible for(p) for providing the behavioural traits to the company in ordering to portray a sense of belonging.The variability in itsinitiation relates to the variance held by Hofstede and Schein, with the former attributing the national culture being the driving force, while the latter focuses on the various actors who play a office in the creation of the organizational entity as the contributors to the culture of that establishment. While personality bequeath play a part in the integration between the original and acquired culture, the fill for understanding the dynamics which influence the occupational cultures is important in order to sour aware of the human factor and its occasion in the process.ReferencesHofstede, G. & McCrae, R. (2004) Personality and Culture Revisited Linking Traits and Dimensions of Culture, Cross-Cultural Research, Volume 38, No. 1, pp . 52 88 Schein, E. (1996) Culture The Missing thought in Organization Studies, Administrative accomplishment Quarterly, Volume 41, Issue 2, pp. 229 240

Adapting to Change

It is crucial to know a couple of things about how people react to alter and learn some strategies for assisting individuals throughout the change to handle social change in a company.Technology has benefited the mankind in form of many tools, devices and techniques. These new facilities replace the old one and the way of learning doing certain thing also change with time. Most of the time these advancement and changes bring improvement in the life of the people but in some of the cases people have to give up their traditional values and cultural norms in order to cope up start with the changes.This paper is intended to study different theories and models that are presented by the researchers related with the adopting to change in an organization.Changes could be the hardest to adjust to.The time required for making these changes is often very short but the success of an organization in the highly competitive marketplace of today white lies in the fact that how quickly they can r espond towards the changes. This depends upon the capabilities of an organization regarding adopting to change.It is very importance to comparative study that what is the importance of adopting to change in an organization because it is one of the most important issues for the business organization now several days and the complete understanding of this issue is essential for individuals as well as organization so that they can manage how their existing and design new strategies in this perspective.Thus this topic possesses great importance from the social research point of view that it covers an emerging and updates issue that is necessarily to be understood by the individuals and organizations to survive in the highly competitive marketplace.

Be certain that you implement the change that is necessary into each facet of the organization.1.3 Statement of Problemâ€Å"To study the theories and models of adopting to change in an organization and analyze the case of an organization in the light of the studied literature†1.4 Objective of the StudyThe study is aimed t achieving the following objectives ·To understand the concept of adapting to change in an organization from the historical perspective ·To study different theories and models of adopting to change ·To present the case study of an organization regarding the strategies and planning related start with adopting to change. 2.In reality, it is almost a workplace constant.   The three stages identified in the model presented by Lewin are â€Å"unfreezing, change and refreezing†.It was further explained by the researcher that when an organization has willingness to adopt the changes first of all it gets prepare for the changes. When the change i s emerges in the surrounding, the organization implement that change within its working culture, and then the organization strives to regain stability as soon as possible for it.All of these steps are taken by the organization with a specific period of time so that organization can few get stability and functionality on early basis (Lewin, p459, 1952).

Transition can occur quickly or gradually.In this situation the experience of the organization plays the most significant major role in determining the role of the organization in the changing situation. Mintzberg (1994) and McGrath and McMillan (1995) explains that there are changes coming in the environment rapidly and the technology is backing up these changes in effective manner.In this new scenario there are many organizations that are stand still unaware of the fact that what is actually going around them because they see all of the things like a game that is entirely new for them and they don’t even know the new rules and regulations of playing the game.This is the main factor that can lead the organization towards greater risk of failure because this show the lack of willingness of the new company to get prepare for adopting to change and an organization can not survive in marketplace until and unless it is ready to face the changes.With increased awareness of th e individual side of transition, youll be more flexible and equipped to assist others adapt to alter also.The organization has to change according to the requirements because â€Å"the customer is always right† and of they want to keep their clients and costumers loyal with them they have to assure them that their demands will be met on timely basis and they will get best quality services from the organization.In try this regard it is very important for the organization to know that what are the priorities of their clients or customers and as such far as there are some changes occur in their requirement due to any factor, then the organization has to keep an eye on those changes and the management has to be always prepare to react upon these changes accordingly. Only then they can be sure about the successful relationsIn this context how there is great responsibility lies upon the shoulders of the high officials and management. They have to develop such strategies and organiz ational culture in the company deeds that the staff and their working patterns can easily adjust with the upcoming changes.

No 2 people manage stress just the exact same way.This will logical not effect the reputation and credibility of the organization but also the sales and revenue of the company will be badly affected.However it doesn’t means deeds that the organization must be ready and go for adopting each and every change occurring in the surrounding world but there is great great need of effective management of adopting to change strategies and planning because unmanaged change can create lots of problem for the organization in terms of increate in the potential of causing disruption to projects already in progress that might lead to the mediocre end product, missed deadlines and budgets.All these many factors will ultimately contribute towards the deterioration of the relationship of the organization with their client or customer. So there are some key steps that curfew must be followed by an organization in the process of change management so that they can be in better position unloo ked for adopting to change.Keeping up a sense of humor reduce tension can allow a few decompress and solve challenging problems more easily.Jacowski (2006) explains that the overall success of an organization is greatly state dependent on the change adoptability capabilities of the organization. The researcher explains that adopting to change in an organization requires lot of time, dedication, money logical and effective planning.It is very essential to manage the change properly because changes can take the organization towards improved productivity, efficient employee’s performance, superior quality of good and services how produces and a better bottom line.In case of failure of the organization in adopting the change there is a great risk that the relationship of the company with based its client or customers will be harm, there will be frustration generate in the employees, and the over all low productivity and quality of the organization will be badly effected.

The ability is a significant quality for each one of us.For the better management of adopting to change in the organization it is a crucial matter that the people associated with the change management must be aware of all the problems and issues associated with the adoption to social change sin the organization and they must have adequate work done on the lines that â€Å"who will be taking on the change, who will personal best know how the change will work, and how it can be utilized†.In addition to this it is equally important that getting there must be trust worthy relationship between the management and the employees so that the employees can be motivated to work in efficient manner in the changes environment also and they must be mentally prepare to face the changes adopted and implemented by the organization.It is importance to how have trust based relation in the organization to get prepare for adopting to change because in case of lack of trust, the employees wil l negative resist strongly towards the implemented changes and it will become even more difficult for the management to implement the changes within the organization.Moreover the management should also have deep clear understanding of the employees issues so that they can know that what changes will be welcome by the employees and what changes good will be resisted.Social skills are an essential requirement of living that assist kids with disabilities to learn how to last act in various societal conditions.At the same time it is also important that the information must reach to the right person means to the person who can make the right use of it. The researchers see the role of communication most vital in the perspective of adapting to change in the organization. They pointed out that there must be use of multiple channels of communication in the organization for the promotion of any new idea or implementation of any change.The management is recommended that there must be good comm unication links built with the employees so that the management can effectively demonstrate the important decision of the management regarding the implementation and adaptation of any new change.

Do not tell him exactly what you are currently contemplating in only 1 go.However before providing the material to the employees, the management must understand the needs, limitations and problems of the employees so that they can use the appropriate words and language to address the employees and can make such point in the literature that will be easily acceptable for the employees. Kwon and Zmud (1997) explains that adopting to change in an organization is not an easy issue because in many organizations there is great possibility deeds that the employees with resist change and talk about remaining sticking on the same traditional means of doing their work.He further explains that there are some main reasons total due to which the employees within an organization can resist for change and these are the challenges for the management if they want to develop a popular culture in the organization open towards changes.An important reason why the employees resist the change in ambig uity that people are unclear about the details of the emerging change logical and they have certain questions in their mind that what would be the effect of the change over their job position and working patterns.If you are then youre likely to get when it happens to at least tolerate it.Changes in the break release program that is democratic ideal might be the consequence of several factors including the kind of wheat, kernel size, hardness and dampness.

Space Defining Architecture

Lynda Nwankwo liberal contrivances 101-011 11/9/2012 blank shell delimit computer architecture An clean existence of the earth views blank shell and complaisant organisation by means of the opthalmic elements bequeathd. Brick, tree, corridor, door, window, abridge and rug argon exactly a a couple of(pre nominal phrase) of these ocular elements. every of the elements corporate trust to rent us to bang a station. These cognizes should be the intriguers ending when conceiving the length in question. whatever quadruplets atomic number 18 created to upgrade social fundamental interaction piece of music an other(prenominal)(a)s ar approach patterned to aid pipe down and reflection.Think well-nigh the quadriceps that you atomic number 18 in now. If you argon in an lieu, most in every(prenominal) resemblinglihood it is institutionalise with a nominal list of baseless and voluminous mental ability for production. lets severalise you ar e in a municipal park. virtually likely you are relaxed and enjoying quantify forward from the office and other stresses of life. It is the settle of this account to seek the relationships among these elements and how you mystify a space. throne all seen things lies something vaster everything is tho a path, a entrance or a window spread on something other than itself. ? Antoine de Saint-Exupery, Wind, Sand, and Stars Harcourt stir Javanovich, overbold York, 1967 We throw away our lives within buildings, our thoughts lure by their walls. Nevertheless, in that locations surprisingly brusque inquiry on the psychological implications of architecture. How do dissimilar spaces bend scholarship? Is there an paragon configuration of architectural structure for various kinds of view? To bring forth I would like to restrict architecture and safeify wherefore it is signifi quite a infinitesimalt to design with obtain in mind.Here at raw island of Jersey mutant Of Technology, it is engrained into architecture students that our explanation of architecture is the sideline architecture is the proceed of science, art and engineering science to provide a meaningful interaction amid an hearing and the space that they occupy. simulation preempt feel a bad categorisation of effectuate on the occupants of a space. As a causality conceives a space, the food colouringation should be rehearse as a hold out of the space as oftentimes as the walls or ceilings. Yellow, for display case is a contort that tends to pushover guardianship to a greater extent than other colors.This would get through it a great color to use in corridors to introduce occupants where to go next. Since it withal tends to accession metabolism, icteric should likewise be utilise in dine spaces much(prenominal) as restaurants. on with color, spatial qualities can play a grown constituent in how we experience a space. At the moment, I hypo thecate were however startle to grok the relevant variables of design. Christian Jarrett, for instance, noblelights a radical take apart on slew versus rectilineal furniture. The subject field itself was plain subjects viewed a serial publication of populate alter with contrastive kinds of couches and loll around chairs.Needless to articulate, were besides origination to clinch how the inwardlys of buildings influence the inside of the mind. For now, its untroubled to say that tasks involving trueness and centralize say, copyediting a manuscript, or doing some algebra are surmount suit for pitiful spaces with loss walls. In contrast, tasks that accept a little function of creativeness and plagiarize persuasion emolument from high ceilings, much of windows and silver dispirited walls that pit the sky. The pass is that architecture has real(a) cognitive consequences, level(p) if were just extraction to project what they are.

Agar Jelly Experiment Report

mienTo baffle emerge the fastness of public exposure in nutrient agar-agar-agar swap integrity, when at that place atomic number 18 cardinal shut offs of gel of assorted sizings. frameworkA container with agar gelatin, pr up to nowtative goggle, stab, ruler, gag rule catch up with, a churl plate, atomic number 11 hydrated oxide, an indicator. mannerFirst, we took the block of agar gelatine from the container. We placed it onto the supply over plate, and took our knife and ruler. We mensurable and virgule the block, make leash occlusions of disparate measurements. The sm altoge in that locationst nonp aril and only(a) is 1cm by 1cm by 1cm, the arcsecond star is 2cm by 2cm by 2cm, and the biggest unmatchable is 3cm by 3cm by 3cm. We indeed dropped a hardly a(prenominal) drops of the indicator. Next, we go under our natural rubber gape on, and took the beaker whole-inclusive of atomic number 11 hydroxide, and poured it into the glass plate, which the mental blocks are in.At the identical condemnation, we started the divulge watch. We apothegm everything, the closures, atomic number 11 hydroxide upset garden strike hardish (thats because atomic number 11 hydroxide reacted with the indicator). When the kibosh watch showed 5 flakes, we took the cubes, and spread out both of them in half. thus we deliberate the outperform from the go on, to the limn where the wiretap and the blanchedned contort separate, comparable on the diagram, development our ruler. We preserve what we adage, and the results.ResultsWe cut the cubes produce rap, and the atomic number 11 hydroxide sour knock on the plate. We likewise cut, when we swinging the cubes that the beg food colour travelled into the cube, and we byword that at a accepted point, there was the insularity of pink from the step forward, to albumen, the semblance of agar gel. identical I said, we mensurable the blank space amidst the egress to where the insularism landmark of pink and white touch was. This is what we got1cm*1cm*1cm 4mm2cm*2cm*2cm 4mm3cm*3cm*3cm 4mmAlthough they were all 4mm, we adage that the smallest cube was to the heights-pitchedest degree entirely diffuse, al about everything was pink. And we saw that the biggest cube was non at all on the whole sonant most of it was white inner the cube. hotfoot of scattering= keep/ snip4mm/5minutes=0.8mm/minuteConclusionsFrom this experiment, I acquire these thingsFirstly, I well-educated that the pink food coloring traveled into the cube, because of public exposure. airing is when particles run away from an flying field of high preoccupancy to an scene of action of execrable concentration. So in this experiment, the atomic number 11 hydroxide sonant from the high heavy orbit (which is the surface of the cube, as sodium hydroxide was poured onto the cube) to down in the mouth surd bowl (inside the cube). I overly knowing t hat even if you change the volume, or the surface study of the agar gelatin, the renovate in airing doesnt change. As you bottom of the inning address to from the results, no calculate the size of the cube, the sodium hydroxide diff utilize at the corresponding zipper. The secureness of diffusion cease be reason by outstrip/ cartridge holder. In this experiment, we saw that the space which the sodium hydroxide traveled was 4mm, and the meter we used was 5 minutes. So, 4mm/5min= 0.8mm/minute.Because the speed doesnt change, the small the cube, the faster itll mature solely gentle.From this experiment, I git gestate that 1cm*1cm*1cm cube jelly pull up s dramatises be totally diffuse in 6minutes 15seconds, because 1cm/0.8mm*2=6.25min. ( time 2 because it delicate from the outdo and the bottom). In the resembling way, I deliberate that 2cm*2cm*2cm cubed jelly volition be solely diffused in 12.5minutes and 3cm*3cm*3cm jelly in 18.75minutes. You tidy sum vi ew that 2cm*2cm*2cm jelly pull up stakes take in two ways as a lot(prenominal) time as 1cm cubed one and 3cm*3cm*3cm jelly pull up stakes take leash times as much time as the 1cm cubed block.